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10 Negara dengan Skor Kebebasan Tertinggi 2022: Finlandia, Norwegia, Swedia Juara Bertahan | Databoks
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10 Negara dengan Skor Kebebasan Tertinggi 2022: Finlandia, Norwegia, Swedia Juara Bertahan

10 Negara dengan Skor Kebebasan Tertinggi (2022)

Sumber : Freedom House, 2023

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Disalin..
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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

19/4/2023, 10.20 WIB

Lembaga Freedom House kembali merilis skor kebebasan negara-negara di dunia. Setidaknya ada 10 negara dengan pencapaian skor tertinggi.

Pertama ditempati oleh Finlandia dengan skor sempurna, 100 poin pada 2022. Ini menjadikan Finlandia sebagai juara bertahan, setidaknya sejak 2017 lalu.

Freedom House menyebut, sistem parlementer Finlandia menunjukkan pemilihan umum yang bebas dan adil serta kompetisi multipartai yang kuat. Korupsi bukanlah masalah yang besar di negara tersebut dan kebebasan berbicara, beragama, dan berserikat begitu dihormati.

"Perempuan dan kelompok etnis minoritas menikmati hak yang sama, meskipun pelecehan, ujaran kebencian, dan diskriminasi yang ditujukan pada kelompok minoritas memang terjadi," Freedom House memberi catatan atas Finlandia dalam laporannya.

Skor sempurna juga didapatkan oleh Norwegia dan Swedia, masing-masing 100 poin. Kedua negara ini juga memperoleh skor terbaik sejak 2017 silam.

Freedom House menyebut Norwegia memang menjadi salah satu negara demokrasi paling kuat di dunia. Kebebasan sipil dihormati, seiring itu media independen dan aktor masyarakat sipil aktif meminta pertanggungjawaban pemerintah.

Sayangnya, diskriminasi terhadap Roma dan kelompok marjinal lainnya masih terjadi.

Sementara Swedia, meski monarki parlementer, pemilihan umum tetap dijamin bebas dan adil, serta sistem partai-partainya yang kuat. Freedom House menjelaskan, kebebasan sipil dan hak politik benar-benar dijamin, supremasi hukum pun berlaku.

Sementara urutan keempat ada Selandia Baru dengan nilai 99 poin dan kelima adalah Kanada, yakni 98 poin. Sisanya, terlihat pada grafik dan poin di bawah.

Bagaimana posisi Indonesia?

(Baca juga: Meski Bukan Terburuk di ASEAN, Indeks Demokrasi Liberal Indonesia Masih di Bawah Timor Leste)

Indonesia hanya mendapatkan poin 58 dari 100 pada 2022. Torehan ini malah turun, yakni 59 poin pada 2021.

Sebenarnya, Indonesia telah mencapai kemajuan demokrasi yang cukup progresif sejak jatuhnya rezim otoriter di bawah komando Soeharto pada 1998. Freedom House bahkan menyebut pluralisme politik dan kebebasan media telah berubah lebih baik.

Namun, Freedom House tetap memberi catatan atas kebebasan di Indonesia.

"Tantangan signifikan tetap ada, termasuk korupsi sistemik, diskriminasi dan kekerasan terhadap kelompok minoritas, konflik di Papua, dan penggunaan undang-undang pencemaran nama baik dan penodaan agama yang dipolitisasi," tulis Freedom House.

Metodologi laporan ini sebagian besar diambil dari Deklarasi Universal Hak Asasi Manusia, yang diadopsi oleh Majelis Umum PBB pada 1948.

Standar ini berlaku untuk semua negara dan wilayah, terlepas dari lokasi geografis, etnis atau komposisi agama, atau tingkat perkembangan ekonomi.

Dari laporan yang dianalisis, Freedom House melihat bahwa kebebasan untuk semua orang paling baik dicapai dalam masyarakat demokrasi liberal.

"Kebebasan ini menilai hak dan kebebasan dunia nyata yang dinikmati oleh individu, bukan pemerintah atau kinerja pemerintah itu sendiri. Hak politik dan kebebasan sipil dapat dipengaruhi oleh aktor negara dan non-negara, termasuk pemberontak dan kelompok bersenjata lainnya," tulis Freedom House.

Berikut 10 negara dengan torehan skor kebebasan tertinggi pada 2022.

  1. Finlandia 100 poin
  2. Norwegia 100 poin
  3. Swedia 100 poin
  4. Selandia Baru 99 poin
  5. Kanada 98 poin
  6. Denmark 97 poin
  7. Irlandia 97 poin
  8. Luxemburg 97 poin
  9. Belanda 97 poin
  10. San Marino 97 poin

(Baca juga: Sederet Negara dengan Tingkat Kebebasan Internet Tertinggi pada 2022, Bagaimana Capaian Indonesia?)

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