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Ini Tren Sumbangan Emisi CO2 dari Penerbangan Pesawat di Dunia, Sempat Turun Drastis Saat Pandemi Covid-19 | Databoks
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Ini Tren Sumbangan Emisi CO2 dari Penerbangan Pesawat di Dunia, Sempat Turun Drastis Saat Pandemi Covid-19

Tren Emisi CO2 dari Penerbangan Internasional dan Domestik Dunia (2000-2021)

Sumber : International Energy Agency (IEA), 2022

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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

5/4/2023, 12.52 WIB

Laporan International Energy Agency (IEA) menyebut, penerbangan menyumbang lebih dari 2% emisi CO2 dunia. Capaian ini tumbuh lebih cepat dalam beberapa dekade terakhir dibandingkan emisi yang disumbang kendaraan di jalan raya, kereta api, atau pelayaran.

Diketahui, bahan bakar pesawat, avtur, bisa menghasilkan CO2 (karbon dioksida) yang efektif menyerap panas dan berdampak pada pemanasan global.

Dari data yang dilampirkan, penurunan terlihat cukup mencolok pada 2008-2009. Penerbangan internasional menyumbang emisi CO2 sebanyak 454,44 juta ton (million tonnes/mt) pada 2008, menjadi 433,24 mt pada 2009. Begitu pula di penerbangan domestik, dari 298,14 mt menjadi 279 mt.

Setelahnya, emisi cenderung mengalami peningkatan. Puncaknya adalah 2018-2019. Penerbangan internasional mencetak 609,42 mt pada 2018 dan 618,82 mt pada 2019. Sementara penerbangan domestik menorehkan 408,40 mt pada 2018 dan 417,01 mt CO2 pada 2019.

Pada 2020, pandemi Covid-19 merebak dan memaksa negara membatasi penerbangan guna memutus rantai penularan dari negara lain. Walhasil, emisi yang ditorehkan dari kedua penerbangan turun drastis.

(Baca juga: Emisi Karbon Global Naik Lagi pada 2022, Pecahkan Rekor Baru)

Penerbangan internasional mengeluarkan emisi CO2 sebesar 299,06 mt pada 2020. Sedangkan penerbangan domestik sebesar 287,24 mt.

"Setelah meningkat rata-rata 2,3% per tahun dari tahun 1990 hingga 2019, pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan emisi CO2 anjlok, lebih dari 1.000 mt CO2 pada tahun 2019 menjadi 600 mt pada tahun 2020," tulis IEA dalam laporannya.

Namun, setelah wabah Sars-CoV-2 itu bisa dikendalikan di sejumlah negara, aktivitas penerbangan meningkat lagi. IEA mengestimasikan emisi CO2 pada 2021 mencapai sekitar 720 Mt untuk kedua penerbangan. Jika dihitung per satu penerbangan, hasil emisinya setara hampir sepertiga dari emisi 2019.

IEA menjelaskan, banyak tindakan yang diupayakan untuk menekan emisi guna mencapai skenario Net Zero Emissions by 2050.

"Prioritas jangka pendek hingga menengah termasuk mendorong efisiensi melalui langkah-langkah fiskal dan peraturan; merangsang investasi bahan bakar berkelanjutan; dan mengembangkan alternatif untuk minyak tanah jet, seperti pesawat bertenaga baterai dan bertenaga hidrogen," tulis IEA.

(Baca juga: Kadar CO2 di Atmosfer Naik, Capai Rekor Tertinggi pada 2022)

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