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Asia Tenggara Paling Sering Mengalami Kerusakan Alam, ADB Peringatkan Risiko Pertumbuhan Ekonominya | Databoks
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Asia Tenggara Paling Sering Mengalami Kerusakan Alam, ADB Peringatkan Risiko Pertumbuhan Ekonominya

Kejadian Bencana Alam di Asia Berdasarkan Regional (2000-2021)

Sumber : Asian Development Bank (ADB), Februari 2023

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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

28/3/2023, 17.45 WIB

Laporan Asian Development Bank (ADB) menyebut, Asia menjadi kawasan yang paling banyak mengalami kerusakan akibat bencana alam.

Sepanjang 2000-2021, sebanyak 39% bencana di seluruh dunia terjadi di Asia. Ini jauh lebih tinggi dari yang terjadi di Amerika (23%), Afrika (21%), Eropa (13%), dan Timur Tengah (4%).

Rinciannya untuk Asia, sebanyak 33% bencana terjadi di Asia Tenggara, 27% bencana terjadi di Asia Timur dan Asia Selatan, 5% di Pasifik, 4% di Oceania dan Asia Tengah.

Kerusakan alam akibat bencana yang terdata seperti kekeringan, gempa bumi, epidemi, suhu ekstrem, banjir, semburan danau glasial, tanah longsor, badai, aktivitas gunung berapi, dan kebakaran. Turut dihitung insiden terhadap atau dari hewan.

Perhitungan ADB itu menggunakan data dari Pusat Penelitian Epidemiologi Bencana (Centre for Research on the Epideiology of DIsasters/CRED) dan database bencana internasional (EM-DAT) yang diolah Januari 2023.

 

Bencana alam dan perekonomian

ADB menjelaskan, Asia dan Pasifik merupakan kawasan terdepan perubahan iklim. Wilayah ini mengalami perubahan cuaca yang lebih ekstrem.

Data World Meteorological Organization (WMO) yang diolah ADB pada 2022 menunjukkan, Asia mengalami suhu tertinggi dalam 30 tahun terakhir, dengan rata-rata mencapai 0,86°C pada 2021. Torehan tersebut di atas rata-rata tahun 1981-2010. ADB menyebut, 2020 menjadi tahun terpanas sejak tahun 1900.

"Peristiwa curah hujan ekstrem seperti badai, banjir, dan tanah longsor, yang menyebabkan lebih dari 48 juta orang terkena dampak langsung dan 4.000 nyawa hilang pada tahun 2021 di wilayah tersebut, semakin sering terjadi," tulis ADB dalam laporannya.

Asia Tenggara, Asia Timur, dan Asia Selatan merupakan kawasan yang paling terpengaruh. Pasifik semakin dipengaruhi oleh naiknya permukaan laut karena banyak negara kepulauan Pasifik berada di dataran rendah atau hanya beberapa meter di atas permukaan laut.

Meningkatnya suhu akibat perubahan iklim melahirkan risiko ekonomi yang signifikan di Asia. Khususnya perdagangan dan investasi.

ADB menyebut, banyak perekonomian daerah ini mengandalkan ekspor dan investasi asing langsung (foreign direct investment/FDI) sebagai mesin pertumbuhan ekonomi.

"Kawasan ini menyumbang 35% dari perdagangan dunia pada 2020, naik 10% dari 10 tahun lalu, dan sepertiga dari FDI global pada 2019," kata ADB.

ADB memberi peringatan, tanpa upaya mitigasi dan adaptasi perubahan iklim secara global, potensi gangguan pada transportasi dan produksi akan menghambat pertumbuhan ekonomi Asia. Terlebih pada kinerja perdagangan dan FDI.

(Baca juga: Perubahan Iklim Ekstrem hingga Pencemaran Tanah Jadi Masalah Lingkungan yang Disorot Warga Dunia)

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