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Anak-anak Asia Tenggara dan Afrika Banyak yang Terlalu Kurus, Eropa dan Amerika Justru Terlalu Gemuk | Databoks
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Anak-anak Asia Tenggara dan Afrika Banyak yang Terlalu Kurus, Eropa dan Amerika Justru Terlalu Gemuk

Prevalensi Anak-anak yang Terlampau Kurus (Wasting) dan Terlampau Gemuk (Overweight) di Dunia (2020)*

Sumber : World Health Organization (WHO), 2022

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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

20/3/2023, 22.10 WIB

Kondisi kesehatan anak-anak cukup kontras terlihat di beberapa wilayah di dunia. Beberapa dari mereka masih banyak yang kekurangan nutrisi, terlalu kurus atau bahkan gizi buruk, tetapi satu sisi beberapa anak-anak di suatu wilayah terlampau gemuk.

Data dari Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (World Health Organization/WHO) menunjukkan, sekira 45,4 juta anak di bawah usia 5 tahun diperkirakan terlalu kurus untuk tinggi badannya, yang disebut WHO sebagai wasted/wasting pada 2020. Bahkan, sekira 13,6 juta di antaranya mengalami wasting parah (gizi buruk akut).

WHO menjelaskan, lebih dari setengah atau 56,2% anak-anak yang menderita wasting tinggal di kawasan Asia Tenggara.

Anak-anak yang menderita wasting, tulis WHO, memiliki kekebalan yang lemah, rentan terhadap keterlambatan perkembangan jangka panjang, dan menghadapi peningkatan risiko kematian, terutama bila wasting parah.

Sebaliknya, WHO memperkirakan 38,9 juta anak di bawah 5 tahun kelebihan berat badan atau terlalu berat untuk tinggi badan mereka pada 2020. Ini yang disebut WHO sebagai overweight.

Angka itu mengalami kenaikan dari sebelumnya yang berjumlah 33,3 juta pada 2019.

"Prevalensi (overweight) sangat tinggi di empat wilayah WHO, yaitu wilayah Mediterania Timur, Eropa dan Pasifik Barat, dan Amerika," tulis WHO.

Jika dirincikan, memang kondisi kontras terjadi di Asia Tenggara dan Afrika, dengan Eropa, Amerika, Pasifik Barat.

Prevalensi anak-anak yang wasting di Asia Tenggara sangat tinggi, yakni 14,5%, dan Afrika sebesar 5,8%. Overweight dua wilayah ini tak terlalu tinggi, yakni Asia Tenggara mencapai 3,3% dan Afrika 4,2%.

Sementara prevalensi overweight anak-anak Amerika tembus 8%, Eropa 7,9%, dan Pasifik Barat 7,5%. Wasting di tiga daerah ini justru kecil. Pasifik Barat 2,1%, Amerika 0,7%, Eropa bahkan 0.

Mirisnya, Mediterania Timur menjadi kawasan "tengah" dengan prevalensi yang begitu tinggi untuk dua kategori tersebut. Wasting sebesar 7,4%, dan overweight 7,7%.

Berikut prevalensi wasting dan overweight wilayah pantauan WHO di dunia pada 2020:

  • Afrika
    Wasting 5,8%
    Overweight 4,2%
  • Asia Tenggara
    Wasting 14,5%
    Overweight 3,3%
  • Eropa
    Wasting 0
    Overweight 7,9%
  • Amerika
    Wasting 0,7%
    Overweight 8%
  • Mediterania Timur
    Wasting 7,4%
    Overweight 7,7%
  • Pasifik Barat
    Wasting 2,1%
    Overweight 7,5%
  • Rerata global
    Wasting 6,7%
    Overweight 5,7%

(Baca juga: Daftar Prevalensi Balita Stunting di Indonesia pada 2022, Provinsi Mana Teratas?)

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