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Bagaimana Perbandingan Utang Pemerintah Indonesia Era SBY dan Jokowi? | Databoks
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Bagaimana Perbandingan Utang Pemerintah Indonesia Era SBY dan Jokowi?

Utang Luar Negeri Indonesia Berdasarkan Pinjaman Pemerintah, Bank Sentral, dan Swasta (2004-2023)

Sumber : Bank Indonesia (BI), 2023

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Disalin..
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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

16/3/2023, 17.43 WIB

Di tengah pidatonya, Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono, Ketua Umum Partai Demokrat, menyinggung utang pemerintah Indonesia yang kerap meningkat. Dia menyebut, delapan tahun terakhir kenaikan utang pemerintah mencapai tiga kali lipat.

Putra Presiden ke-6 RI Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono itu menyebut, utang diambil tak hanya karena krisis global, tetapi juga karena pengelolaan keuangan negara yang dinilainya berjalan tidak baik.

Menurutnya, anggaran negara terlalu banyak digunakan untuk membiayai proyek mercusuar yang tidak berdampak pada masyarakat kecil dan kurang mampu.

AHY lantas menyebut banyaknya utang yang ditinggalkan pemerintah sekarang di bawah rezim Joko Widodo (Jokowi) akan menjadi pekerjaan besar untuk penerusnya. Dia juga mengatakan bahwa presiden pengganti Jokowi akan putar otak untuk menyusun pembiayaan nasional yang seimbang.

"Jangan menghukum pihak yang tidak bersalah. Di tengah keterbatasan anggaran itu, pengelolaan pajak belum dilakukan dengan baik, bahkan rawan disalahgunakan," kata AHY di hadapan kader Partai Demokrat di Tennis Indoor Senayan, Jakarta Pusat, Selasa (14/3/2023) seperti diwartakan Katadata.

Bagaimana sebenarnya perjalanan utang pemerintah Indonesia selama 20 tahun terakhir, era SBY dan Jokowi?

SBY menjalankan pemerintahan selama dua periode, 2004-2009 dan 2009-2014. Dari data Statistik Utang Luar Negeri Indonesia (SULNI) Bank Indonesia (BI), tercatat utang Indonesia mencapai US$141,3 miliar atau sekira Rp2.178,36 triliun (kurs Rp15.416 per dolar Amerika Serikat, 16 Maret 2023).

Di tahun 2005, nominal utangnya sempat menurun dengan jumlah US$134,5 miliar atau Rp2.073,53 triliun. Tahun berikutnya lagi pun sempat mengalami penurunan, yakni US$132,6 miliar atau Rp2.044,24 triliun.

Setelahnya, nominal utang cenderung naik. Di akhir pemerintahannya, utang Indonesia tembus US$293,3 miliar atau Rp4.522,12 triliun.

Sama seperti SBY, Jokowi pun menjalankan pemerintahan selama dua periode, yakni 2014-2019, 2019-2024.

Dalam laporan SULNI, pada 2015 utang pemerintah Indonesia mencapai US$310,73 miliar atau sebesar Rp4.790,4 triliun.

Selama hampir 9 tahun menjabat, utang era Jokowi menurun dua kali. Pada 2020 sebesar US$ 416,9 miliar (Rp6.427,72 triliun) turun menjadi US$414 miliar (Rp6.382,04 triliun) pada 2021. Kemudian utang turun lagi menjadi US$396,82 miliar atau Rp6.117,67 triliun.

Saat ini BI mencatat ada US$404,87 miliar utang Indonesia atau setara Rp6.241,84 triliun pada Januari 2023.

Sebagai catatan, utang yang dipublikasikan oleh BI merupakan utang luar negeri yang dipinjam oleh pemerintah dan bank sentral, serta pihak swasta.

(Baca juga: Anggaran Pembayaran Bunga Utang Naik Jadi Rp 405,9 Triliun pada 2022)

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