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Budaya Politik Indonesia pada 2022 Dinilai Masih Rendah | Databoks
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Budaya Politik Indonesia pada 2022 Dinilai Masih Rendah

Budaya Politik dan Kategori Indeks Demokrasi Lainnya di Indonesia (2022)

Sumber : Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), 2022

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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

28/2/2023, 18.43 WIB

Berdasarkan laporan Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), skor indeks demokrasi Indonesia mencapai 6,71 poin dari skala 10 pada 2022. Angka itu membuat Indonesia duduk di peringkat 54 dunia, turun dua peringkat dari 2021.

Terdapat lima kategori yang membentuk nilai indeks itu yang turut diberi skor dengan skala 0-10.

Pertama, kategori pemilu dan pluralisme Indonesia menyentuh 7,92 poin. Kedua, fungsi pemerintahan dengan skor 7,86.

Ketiga, partisipasi politik mendapat skor 7,22. Disusul posisi keempat, kebebasan sipil menyentuh 6,18. Kelima, budaya politik yang hanya 4,38.

Komponen indeks demokrasi Indonesia sebenarnya banyak yang di atas rata-rata indeks dunia. Namun, hanya budaya politik yang di bawah standar itu. Artinya, budaya politik di Indonesia masih tergolong rendah. 

Adapun rata-rata skor komponen indeks demokrasi global adalah pemilu dan pluralisme (5,59), fungsi pemerintahan (4,70), partisipasi politik (5,44), kebebasan sipil (5,43), dan budaya politik (5,32). Rata-rata total skor global mencapai 5,29.

EIU menyebut, kawasan Asia dan Australia juga mengalami penurunan poin di kategori budaya politik.

"Skor kawasan ini untuk budaya politik turun sedikit, karena persepsi publik yang lebih negatif terhadap peran kepemimpinan dan demokrasi di tempat-tempat seperti Hong Kong dan Korea Selatan," tulis EIU dalam laporannya.

Indeks demokrasi EIU menggunakan 60 indikator dalam penelitiannya dan diukur dengan skala 0 sampai 10.

Indikator dikelompokkan ke dalam lima kategori, yakni proses pemilu dan pluralisme; kebebasan sipil; berfungsinya pemerintahan; partisipasi politik; dan budaya politik.

Ada beberapa hal yang patut diperhatikan jika negara tidak mendapat skor hingga 1 poin dalam ketegorinya:

  1. Apakah pemilu nasional bebas dan adil.
  2. Keamanan pemilih.
  3. Pengaruh kekuatan asing terhadap pemerintahan.
  4. Kemampuan pegawai pemerintahan untuk melaksanakan kebijakan.

Nilai indeks digunakan untuk menempatkan negara dalam salah satu dari empat jenis rezim:

  1. Demokrasi penuh: skor lebih besar dari 8
  2. Demokrasi yang cacat: skor lebih besar dari 6, dan kurang dari atau sama dengan 8
  3. Rezim hibrida: skor lebih besar dari 4, dan kurang dari atau sama dengan 6
  4. Rezim otoriter: skor kurang dari atau sama dengan 4

Berikut komponen indeks demokrasi Indonesia dan dunia 2022 yang diolah oleh EIU:

  • Indonesia
    Pemilu dan pluralisme 7,92 poin
    Fungsi pemerintahan 7,86 poin
    Partisipasi politik 7,22 poin
    Kebebasan sipil 6,18 poin
    Budaya politik 4,38 poin
    Total skor 6,71 poin
  • Rerata global
    Pemilu dan pluralisme 5,59 poin
    Fungsi pemerintahan 4,70 poin
    Partisipasi politik 5,44 poin
    Kebebasan sipil 5,43 poin
    Budaya politik 5,32 poin
    Total skor 5,29 poin

(Baca juga: Ini Perbandingan Indeks Demokrasi Rusia dan Ukraina Sepanjang Perang)

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