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Rasio Pajak Indonesia Masuk Jajaran Terendah Dibanding Negara Lain pada 2020 | Databoks
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Rasio Pajak Indonesia Masuk Jajaran Terendah Dibanding Negara Lain pada 2020

Proporsi Rasio Pajak Terhadap PDB di Beberapa Negara versi OECD (2019-2020)

Sumber : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2021

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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

27/2/2023, 16.52 WIB

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development atau OECD membeberkan proporsi rasio pajak terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) hampir seluruh negara di dunia. Terlihat, Indonesia berada di urutan tiga terbawah dengan proporsi yang kecil.

Urutan pertama ada Nauru dengan persentase rasio 47,5%. Nauru sempat menjadi negara kecil yang sangat kaya, bahkan pernah membebaskan pajak untuk warga negaranya.

Kedua, rerata dari 38 negara yang tergabung di OECD, dengan persentase 33,5%. Ketiga, Selandia Baru dengan rasio 32,2%.

Sementara itu, rerata rasio negara Asia-Pasifik mencapai 19,1%. Indonesia, di tiga terbawah, mencatatkan rasio pajak hanya 10,1%.

Di bawah Indonesia ada Bhutan (8,9%) dan Laos (8,9%).

OECD menyebut, rasio pajak Indonesia menurun 1,5 poin. Dari 11,6% pada 2019, menjadi 10,1% pada 2020. Torehan ini merupakan yang paling rendah sejak 2007 lalu.

"Dari 2007 ke 2020, rasio pajak Indonesia menurun 2,1 poin, dari 12,2% ke 10,1%. Rasio tertinggi pada rentang waktu ini adalah 13% di 2008, dan paling rendah 10,1% pada 2020," tulis OECD dalam laporannya.

(Baca juga: Cek Data: Berapa Rasio Pajak Indonesia?)

Dilansir Klik Pajak, rasio pajak sendiri merupakan alat untuk melihat apakah jumlah pajak yang dikumpulkan pada suatu periode di suatu negara sudah sebanding dengan pendapatan nasionalnya.

Rasio pajak arti sempit memasukkan PPh, PPN/PPnBM, PBB, Bea dan Cukai, dan pajak lainnya. Sedangkan versi luasnya, turut mengacu total nilai penerimaan negara bukan pajak (PNBP), sumber daya alam (SDA) migas dan pertambangan mineral dan batubara (minerba) dengan PDB nominal.

OECD sendiri menggunakan acuan rasio pajak yang lebih luas daripada umumnya, dengan memasukkan kontribusi jaminan sosial.

Ada banyak faktor pentingnya rasio pajak untuk suatu negara:

  1. Menjadi indikator tingkat kepatuhan pajak di Indonesia. Apabila presentase rasio pajak kecil, artinya kepatuhan pajak masih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan negara-negara lain.
  2. Rasio pajak yang rendah menjadi penghambat untuk mencapai pembangunan yang berkelanjutan.
  3. Rasio pajak dapat menciptakan sistem perpajakan yang adil.

Berikut proporsi rasio pajak terhadap PDB versi OECD (2019-2020):

  1. Nauru 47,5%
  2. OECD** 33,5%
  3. Selandia Baru 32,2%
  4. Jepang* 31,4%
  5. Korea 28%
  6. Australia* 27,7%
  7. Samoa 25%
  8. Vietnam 22,7%
  9. LAC 21,9%
  10. Mongolia 21,2%
  11. Tokelau 20,8%
  12. Kamboja 20,2%
  13. Tiongkok 20,1%
  14. Kep Cook 19,7%
  15. Asia-Pasifik 19,1%
  16. Maldives 19,1%
  17. Kep Solomon 18,8%
  18. Filipina 17,8%
  19. Kirgizstan 17,4%
  20. Afrika (30)* 16,6%
  21. Fiji 16,6%
  22. Thailand 16,5%
  23. Vanuatu 14,2%
  24. Kazakhstan 14,1%
  25. Singapura 12,8%
  26. Papua Nugini 11,6%
  27. Malaysia 11,4%
  28. Pakistan 10,4%
  29. Bangladesh 10,2%
  30. Indonesia 10,1%
  31. Bhutan 8,9%
  32. Laos 8,9%

*) menggunakan data 2019
**) ada 38 negara tergabung di OECD

(Baca juga: Setoran Pajak Karyawan RI Naik Dua Kali Lipat dalam 11 Tahun Terakhir)

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