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Terus Meroket Jelang Ramadan, Ini Rerata Harga Kelas Beras Nasional | Databoks
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Terus Meroket Jelang Ramadan, Ini Rerata Harga Kelas Beras Nasional

Rerata Harga Kelas Beras di Semua Pasar Provinsi Indonesia (23 Februari 2023)*

Sumber : Pusat Informasi Harga Pangan Strategis Nasional (PIHPS Nasional), Bank Indonesia (BI), 23 Februari 2023

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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

23/2/2023, 14.31 WIB

Harga beras nasional terpantau meroket sepanjang Februari 2023. Angka ini dikhawatirkan terus melonjak hingga menjelang Ramadan, sekira pada 22 Maret 2023 mendatang.

Berdasarkan pantauan dari Pusat Informasi Harga Pangan Strategis Nasional (PIHPS Nasional), harga rerata beras untuk semua jenis di seluruh pasar Indonesia menyentuh Rp13.200 per kg per 23 Februari 2023. Angka ini naik dari bulan sebelumnya sebesar Rp12.850 per kg per 23 Januari 2023.

Adapun harga setiap kelas berasnya cukup variatif. Harga beras kualitas bawah I mencapai Rp12.050 per kg. Kualitas bawah II mencapai Rp11.650 per kg.

Beras medium I bisa mencapai Rp13.250 per kg. Sementara medium II sebesar Rp13.050 per kg.

Jenis terakhir, kualitas super I meroket hingga Rp14.600 per kg. Sedangkan kualitas super II Rp14.100 per kg.

Apa yang menyebabkan harga beras terus meroket?

Guru Besar Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB), Dwi Andreas Santosa, mengatakan, salah satu penyebab harga beras mahal adalah produksinya yang berkurang.

Dalam catatannya yang diberikan kepada Katadata, produksi beras dari 2019 sampai 2022 mengalami penurunan sebesar 1,7% per tahunnya. Walhasil, stok beras yang dimiliki pemerintah pun makin sedikit.

Sekalipun impor beras, Dwi beranggapan hal itu tidak membantu pengurangan harga beras secara signifikan.

(Baca juga: Cadangan Beras Bulog Merosot, Mendag Berikan Izin Impor Beras 500.000 Ton)

Dwi menilai pemerintah tidak memiliki daya untuk meredam gejolak harga. Namun demikian, harga beras yang dijual di Indonesia masih terbilang relatif murah jika dibandingkan dengan harga beras di negara-negara lainnya.

Penyebab kedua adalah musim paceklik yang terjadi pada Januari hingga Februari. Ini juga dikatakan oleh Ketua Umum Persatuan Pengusaha Penggilingan Padi dan Beras Indonesia atau Perpadi, Sutarto Alimoeso.

Sutarto meminta pemerintah untuk lebih intensif melakukan operasi pasar guna merendamkan lonjakan harga beras saat ini.

“Paceklik terberat itu memang sekitar bulan Januari dan Februari ini. Jadi pada saat inilah pentingnya pemerintah hadir dalam arti harus betul-betul intensif melakukan operasi pasar,” ujarnya kepada Katadata, Jumat (3/2).

Dia mengatakan, situasi seperti ini jelas menyusahkan masyarakat. Pemerintah semestinya betul-betul mengisi stok beras ke daerah-daerah yang masih kekurangan seperti DKI Jakarta, Surabaya, Semarang, dan Indonesia bagian Timur, melalui operasi pasar.

Selain itu, dia mengatakan bahwa pemerintah harus segera mengeluarkan dan menentukan dengan bijak terkait Harga Pokok Penjualan atau HPP.

Di sisi lain, ada dampak yang timbul jika harga beras terus melaju.

Ekonom Center of Economic and Law Studies (Celios) Bhima Yudhistira memperkirakan, rupiah bisa bertahan di kisaran 5%-5,5% jika harga beras konsisten naik terutama jelang Ramadan dan lebaran. Hal ini akan berimplikasi terhadap peningkatan angka kemiskinan.

"Beras adalah penyumbang garis kemiskinan tertinggi dibanding komoditas lainnya. Target pemerintah angka kemiskinan di kisaran 7,5-8,5% tahun ini akan jauh lebih sulit kalau stabilitas harga beras belum teratasi," kata Bhima kepada Katadata.

(Baca juga: Harga Beras Naik, Tertinggi dalam 5 Tahun Terakhir)

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