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Suhu Permukaan Bumi Naik 0,89 Derajat Celsius pada 2022 | Databoks Home Suhu Permukaan Bumi Naik 0,89 Derajat Celsius pada 2022 Suhu Permukaan Bumi Naik 0,89 Derajat Celsius pada 2022 Peningkatan Suhu Permukaan Bumi (1981-2022)* Sumber : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), Januari 2023
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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat
Editor: Adi Ahdiat
16/2/2023, 09.10 WIB
Menurut laporan National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), pada 2022 suhu permukaan bumi naik 0,89 derajat Celsius (°C) dibanding suhu rata-rata tahunan periode 1951-1980.
NASA memperoleh data ini dari pemantauan dan pencatatan suhu yang dilakukan sepanjang tahun melalui stasiun cuaca, kapal, dan sensor laut di berbagai belahan dunia.
Pengukuran suhu juga divalidasi dengan data dari Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), teknologi satelit NASA yang mampu memantau pancaran energi inframerah dari permukaan dan atmosfer bumi.
Selama periode 1981-2014 setiap tahunnya suhu permukaan bumi naik di kisaran 0,1 °C sampai 0,7 °C dibanding suhu rata-rata tahunan periode 1951-1980.
Namun, sejak 2015 sampai sekarang kenaikan suhunya selalu melebihi 0,8 °C seperti terlihat pada grafik.
"Tren pemanasan ini mengkhawatirkan. Sudah ada tanda-tanda bahwa iklim kita menghangat, kebakaran hutan semakin intensif, badai semakin kuat, bencana kekeringan, dan permukaan laut naik," kata Administrator NASA Bill Nelson dalam siaran persnya, Kamis (12/1/2023).
Menurut Gavin Schmidt, direktur Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) yang merupakan lembaga pusat pemodelan iklim NASA, tren peningkatan suhu ini disebabkan oleh manusia.
"Menghangatnya suhu terjadi karena aktivitas manusia yang terus memompa gas rumah kaca dalam jumlah besar ke atmosfer, dampaknya bagi planet akan terus berlanjut dalam jangka panjang," kata Gavin.
"Sembilan tahun terakhir menjadi tahun terhangat sejak pencatatan dimulai pada 1880. Suhu planet Bumi pada tahun 2022 sekitar 1,11 °C lebih hangat dibanding rata rata akhir abad ke-19," lanjutnya.
Adapun sejak 2015 lebih dari seratus negara sudah menandatangani Perjanjian Paris , yang berisi komitmen untuk menjaga agar kenaikan suhu bumi tidak melebihi 1,5 °C dibanding masa pra-industri.
Pasalnya, menurut Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), jika suhu bumi naik melebihi ambang batas tersebut risiko cuaca ekstrem bisa meningkat signifikan, diiringi naiknya risiko kekeringan, gagal panen, kerusakan ekosistem, serta naiknya permukaan air laut yang dapat mengancam kehidupan masyarakat pesisir.
Untuk menahan kenaikan suhu bumi di bawah 1,5 °C, negara-negara peratifikasi Perjanjian Paris sudah berkomitmen mengurangi emisi karbon , termasuk Indonesia.
Namun, riset United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) menemukan, kebijakan mitigasi perubahan iklim yang berlaku di negara-negara besar saat ini belum cukup kuat untuk mencapai target tersebut.
"Target ambisius memang penting, tapi itu tidak berpengaruh banyak jika tak dibarengi dengan kebijakan yang ambisius dan percepatan implementasi," kata UNEP dalam Emissions Gap Report 2022 .
(Baca: Langkah Berat Negara G20 Mengejar Target Pengurangan Emisi Karbon )