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Indonesia Eksportir Hewan Liar Terbesar di Dunia | Databoks
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Indonesia Eksportir Hewan Liar Terbesar di Dunia

10 Negara Eksportir Hewan Liar Terbesar di Dunia (1998-2018)

Sumber : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Mei 2021

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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

9/2/2023, 19.00 WIB

Indonesia adalah negara eksportir hewan liar terbesar di dunia. Hal ini tercatat dalam laporan riset International Socioeconomic Inequality Drives Trade Patterns in the Global Wildlife Market yang disusun Jia Huan Liew dkk.tim peneliti asal Hong Kong dan Singapura (Mei 2021).

Menurut laporan tersebut, selama periode 1998-2018 Indonesia sudah mengekspor sekitar 71 juta ekor hewan liar ke puluhan negara, paling tinggi dibanding negara-negara eksportir lainnya seperti terlihat pada grafik.

Adapun Amerika Serikat, selain menjadi eksportir ke-8 terbesar, mereka juga menjadi importir hewan liar nomor satu global. Mereka tercatat sudah membeli sekitar 204 juta ekor hewan liar dari berbagai negara selama periode 1998-2018.

Pembeli terbesar lainnya adalah Prancis, Italia, Singapura, Martinik, Hong Kong, Meksiko, Jepang, Jerman, dan Tiongkok, yang masing-masingnya mengimpor hewan liar di kisaran 9 juta-28 juta ekor dalam periode sama.

Jia Huan Liew dkk., memperoleh angka-angka ini dari basis data milik Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), konvensi internasional terkait kontrol perdagangan hewan dan tumbuhan liar.

CITES berisi komitmen perlindungan terhadap sekitar 1.500 spesies hewan dan 900-an spesies tumbuhan. Namun, data yang tercatat di sini terbatas pada 12 kelompok hewan terancam punah yang paling banyak diperdagangkan secara global.

Kelompok hewan itu mencakup beberapa jenis burung, ikan, kerang, amfibi, anthozoa (seperti anemon, karang lunak dan keras), arachnida (laba-laba dan kalajengking), hydrozoa (seperti ubur-ubur dan karang api), serangga, mamalia (seperti orang utan), reptil, hiu/pari, serta siput.

Jia Huan Liew dkk., juga memberi catatan bahwa data ini belum lengkap, karena CITES hanya mencatat perdagangan hewan liar yang dilakukan secara legal.

"Ini menimbulkan pertanyaan tentang pasar satwa liar internasional yang lebih luas, termasuk perdagangan ilegal dan perdagangan hewan yang tidak terancam punah, yaitu spesies yang tidak terdaftar dalam CITES," kata mereka.

"Praktik berbahaya dalam perdagangan hewan liar, seperti pemanenan yang tidak berkelanjutan dan perdagangan hewan inang penyakit zoonosis, merupakan ancaman nyata terhadap keanekaragaman hayati global, sekaligus menjadi jalur transmisi patogen yang bisa berbahaya. Hal ini memerlukan intervensi kebijakan yang tepat," ujar mereka.

(Baca: Ekspor Reptil Indonesia Tembus Jutaan Dolar, AS Pembeli Terbesar)

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