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Utang Pemerintah Tembus Rp 7.700 Triliun pada Akhir 2022 | Databoks
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Utang Pemerintah Tembus Rp 7.700 Triliun pada Akhir 2022

Utang Pemerintah Indonesia (per 30 Desember 2022)

Sumber : Kementerian Keuangan (Kemenkeu), 18 Januari 2023

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Penulis: Cindy Mutia Annur

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

3/2/2023, 16.50 WIB

Kementerian Keuangan (Kemenkeu) mencatat, utang pemerintah Indonesia mencapai Rp 7.733,99 triliun pada akhir Desember 2022. Posisi utang pemerintah tersebut bertambah Rp 825,03 triliun dibanding akhir 2021 yang sebesar Rp 6.908,87 triliun.

Berdasarkan buku APBN Kita edisi Januari 2023, rasio utang Indonesia terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) pada akhir 2022 sebesar 39,57%, turun dari tahun sebelumnya yang sebesar 41%, meski utang secara nominal naik.

"Rasio utang terhadap PDB dalam batas aman, wajar, serta terkendali diiringi dengan diversifikasi portofolio yang optimal," tulis Kemenkeu dalam APBN Kita edisi Januari 2023.

Menurut Kemenkeu, fluktuasi posisi utang pemerintah dipengaruhi oleh adanya transaksi pembiayaan berupa penerbitan dan pelunasan surat berharga negara (SBN), penarikan dan pelunasan pinjaman, serta perubahan nilai tukar mata uang.

Utang pemerintah terbagi atas dua jenis, yakni obligasi atau surat berharga negara (SBN), plus pinjaman dari dalam dan luar negeri.

Instrumen SBN masih mendominasi utang pemerintah yang mencapai 88,53% dengan nilai Rp 6.846 triliun pada akhir 2022.

Nilai utang obligasi pemerintah tersebut meningkat Rp 755,69 triliun dari akhir 2021 yang sebesar Rp 6.090,31 triliun. Melonjaknya utang SBN terutama berasal dari dalam negeri.

Utang SBN domestik pada akhir 2022 bertambah Rp 629,49 triliun menjadi Rp 5.452,36 triliun. Sementara, utang SBN valuta asing (valas) naik Rp 127,09 triliun menjadi Rp 1.394,53 triliun.

Adapun utang pemerintah yang berbentuk pinjaman pada akhir tahun lalu meningkat Rp 68,54 triliun menjadi Rp 887,1 triliun pada akhir 2022. Penambahan pinjaman terutama berasal dari luar negeri, yakni dari pinjaman multilateral, bilateral dan bank komersial.

Berdasarkan mata uangnya, mayoritas utang pemerintah pada akhir 2022 berasal dari mata uang rupiah yang mencapai 70,75%. Menurut Kemenkeu, besarnya proporsi rupiah dapat menjadi tameng bagi pemerintah dalam menghadapi volatilitas tinggi pada mata uang asing dan dampaknya terhadap pembayaran bunga utang luar negeri.

"Dengan strategi utang yang memprioritaskan penerbitan dalam mata uang rupiah, porsi utang dengan mata uang asing ke depan diperkirakan akan terus menurun dan risiko nilai tukar dapat makin terjaga," ujar Kemenkeu.

Adapun kepemilikan SBN saat ini didominasi oleh investor lokal yakni perbankan dan Bank Indonesia. Di sisi lain, kepemilikan investor asing telah menyusut dari akhir 2019 yang masih sebesar 38,57% hingga tersisa 14,36% pada akhir 2022.

"Meski demikian, pemerintah akan terus mewaspadai berbagai risiko yang berpotensi meningkatkan cost of borrowing seperti pengetatan likuiditas global dan dinamika kebijakan moneter negara maju," ujar Kemenkeu.

(Baca: Utang Luar Negeri Pemerintah Mayoritas untuk Kesehatan dan Sosial)

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