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Konsumsi Pangan untuk Kecukupan Energi Orang Indonesia Masih Belum Ideal | Databoks
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Konsumsi Pangan untuk Kecukupan Energi Orang Indonesia Masih Belum Ideal

Rata-rata VS Patokan Ideal Konsumsi Pangan untuk Kecukupan Energi (2015-2020)

Sumber : Center for Indonesian Policy Studies (CIPS), Januari 2023

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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

30/1/2023, 21.19 WIB

Laporan Center for Indonesian Policy Studies (CIPS) menyebut, konsumsi pangan rerata orang Indonesia untuk kecukupan energi masih belum ideal.

Pangan yang dimaksud sudah masuk dalam sejumlah kelompok bahan makanan dengan ragam kandungan, seperti karbohidrat hingga protein. Keragaman makanan ini sebenarnya sudah masuk dalam program Pola Pangan Harapan (PPH) yang digagas oleh Kementerian Kesehatan, yang belakangan disebut 'Isi Piringku'.

Meminjam penelitian Anwar dan Hardinsyah pada 2014 lalu, CIPS menjelaskan skor PPH diukur dari sembilan kelompok pangan, yaitu biji-bijian, umbi-umbian, pangan hewani, minyak dan lemak, minyak sayur dan buah-buahan, kacang-kacangan, gula, sayur dan buah-buahan, dan lainnya.

CIPS mengatakan skor maksimal 100 mencerminkan kombinasi ideal dari diet sehat dan bergizi. Sejauh ini, skor PPH nasional memang meningkat dari 2015 hingga 2020. Artinya, ada peningkatan keragaman pangan masyarakat Indonesia.

"Meskipun ada peningkatan tersebut, konsumsi beberapa kelompok pangan (sebagai persentase dari Angka Kecukupan Energi, AKE) masih kurang dari ideal," tulis CIPS dalam laporannya.

(Baca juga: Konsumsi Sumber Karbohidrat di Indonesia, Peneliti Ingatkan Dampak Dominasi Nasi)

CIPS menjelaskan, biji-bijian menyumbang rata-rata 59,68% energi per orang per hari. Justru angka ini lebih tinggi dari patokan idealnya, yakni 50%. Minyak dan lemak memberikan kontribusi 11,77%, juga lebih tinggi dari batas idealnya, 10%.

Kelompok makanan yang memberikan kontribusi terlalu sedikit di antaranya sumber makanan hewani, 10,55%, versus batas idealnya sebesar 12%. Selain itu ada sayuran dan buah-buahan sebesar 4,90%. Angka rerata itu kurang dari ideal, yakni 6%.

Data yang ditampilkan merupakan hasil pengolahan dari Kementerian Pertanian 2021. Penelitian ini diterbitkan pada Januari 2023 dengan judul Policy Paper No. 54: Policy Barriers to a Healthier Diet, The Case of Trade and Agriculture.

Adapun tujuannya, untuk mengurai kebijakan perdagangan dan pertanian Indonesia dan hambatannya dalam mewujudkan gaya hidup diet sehat.

Berikut daftar bahan pangan, rerata konsumsi, hingga patokan idealnya berdasarkan skor PPH 2015-2020:

  • Biji-bijian
    Rerata: 59,68%
    Ideal: 50%
  • Umbi-umbian
    Rerata: 2,47%
    Ideal: 6%
  • Daging atau pangan hewani
    Rerata: 10,55%
    Ideal: 12%
  • Minyak dan lemak
    Rerata: 11,77%
    Ideal: 10%
  • Minyak sayur atau buah
    Rerata: 1,47%
    Ideal: 3%
  • Kacang-kacangan
    Rerata: 2,78%
    Ideal: 5%
  • Gula
    Rerata: 4,25%
    Ideal: 5%
  • Sayur dan buah
    Rerata: 4,9%
    Ideal: 6%
  • Lainnya
    Rerata: 2,07%
    Ideal: 3%

(Baca juga: Ketahanan Pangan Indonesia Tergolong Cukup Kuat di ASEAN)

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