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Stok Tembaga RI Hanya Cukup untuk Produksi 33 Tahun | Databoks Home Stok Tembaga RI Hanya Cukup untuk Produksi 33 Tahun Stok Tembaga RI Hanya Cukup untuk Produksi 33 Tahun Umur Aset Sumber Daya Mineral Bauksit, Nikel, Timah, Tembaga, dan Perak Indonesia (2021) Sumber : Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), 20 Desember 2022
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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat
Editor: Adi Ahdiat
12/1/2023, 17.10 WIB
Menurut United States Geological Survey (USGS), Indonesia memiliki cadangan tembaga terbesar ke-7 di dunia pada 2021.
Kendati begitu, menurut laporan Sistem Terintegrasi Neraca Lingkungan dan Ekonomi Indonesia dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), sumber daya tembaga nasional hanya bisa diekstraksi sampai 33 tahun ke depan, terhitung sejak 2021.
Sisa umur tersebut relatif pendek dibandingkan bauksit dan nikel, seperti terlihat pada grafik.
(Baca: Stok Bauksit dan Nikel RI Cukup untuk Produksi 100 Tahun Lebih )
BPS menghitung estimasi umur aset dari rasio antara stok fisik (cadangan) sumber daya nasional pada akhir 2021 dengan tingkat ekstraksinya dalam beberapa tahun terakhir.
"Tingkat ekstraksi tembaga di Indonesia sempat menurun selama periode 2017-2019, sebelum akhirnya kembali meningkat pada 2020 dan 2021," kata BPS.
Berdasarkan laporan BPS cadangan terbukti tembaga Indonesia sudah turun dari 24,22 juta ton per akhir 2017, menjadi 19,94 juta ton per akhir 2021.
Jumlah stoknya saat ini juga diperkirakan semakin berkurang, mengingat volume ekspor tembaga yang meningkat pesat pada 2022.
(Baca: Ekspor Bijih Tembaga Indonesia Menguat Signifikan pada 2022 )
Adapun Presiden Jokowi berencana menyetop ekspor tembaga mulai pertengahan 2023.
"Masalah nikel (Indonesia) kalah di WTO. Justru kita tambah setop bauksit, dan mungkin pertengahan tahun kita tambah lagi setop tembaga," kata Jokowi dalam acara HUT ke-50 PDIP di Jakarta, Selasa (10/1/2023).
Sebelumnya, pemerintah Indonesia sempat melarang ekspor bijih nikel sejak 1 Januari 2020. Namun, kebijakan tersebut digugat oleh Uni Eropa ke World Trade Organization (WTO).
Setelah melalui proses persidangan panjang, WTO mengabulkan gugatan Uni Eropa pada Oktober 2022. Indonesia kalah dalam sidang karena dinilai melanggar kesepakatan perdagangan bebas internasional, salah satunya Pasal XI:1 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trades (GATT) 1994.
Pasal GATT tersebut menyatakan bahwa negara anggota WTO hanya boleh membatasi bea, pajak, atau pungutan lain, namun dilarang melakukan pembatasan kuota ataupun perizinan ekspor dan impor.
Meski kalah sidang, pemerintah Indonesia berencana melakukan banding soal masalah nikel ke WTO. Presiden Jokowi bahkan mengumumkan akan menutup keran ekspor komoditas mineral lainnya.
(Baca: Nilai Moneter Bauksit RI Lebih Tinggi dari Nikel )
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