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Merunut Perkembangan Tarif Royalti Batu Bara di Indonesia | Databoks
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Merunut Perkembangan Tarif Royalti Batu Bara di Indonesia

Perkembangan Tarif Royalti Batu Bara di Indonesia (2003-2022)

Sumber : Riset Katadata,

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Disalin..
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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

5/1/2023, 15.20 WIB

Tarif royalti batu bara di Indonesia sudah berubah dalam dua dekade terakhir.

Royalti batu bara adalah bagian dari Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak (PNBP), yakni penerimaan pemerintah pusat yang bersumber dari pemanfaatan sumber daya alam.

Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) Nomor 45 Tahun 2003 mematok tarif royalti batu bara di kisaran 2% sampai 7% dari harga jual batu bara per ton, tergantung pada kualitas kalori batu bara.

Kemudian dalam PP Nomor 81 Tahun 2019 besaran royalti masih tetap, tapi ada perubahan pada kelas tarifnya berdasarkan kualitas kalori batu bara.

Jika pada 2003 tarif 7% dikenakan pada batu bara open pit >6.100 Kkal/kg, pada 2019 tarif itu dikenakan untuk batu bara open pit yang kualitasnya lebih rendah, yakni >5.700 Kkal/kg.

Tak lama kemudian, pada 2022 pemerintah menaikkan tarif royalti batu bara ke kisaran 4% sampai 13,5%, serta mengubah lagi kelas tarifnya berdasarkan kualitas kalori.

Mulai 2022 pemerintah juga menerapkan sistem royalti progresif berdasarkan harga batu bara acuan (HBA). Artinya, jika harga batu bara di pasaran sedang tinggi maka tarif royaltinya naik, begitu pula sebaliknya.

Pada tahun itu pula pemerintah memberi tarif royalti nol persen untuk pengusaha batu bara yang melakukan hilirisasi. Hal ini tertuang dalam Pasal 3 ayat 1 PP Nomor 26 Tahun 2022 yang berbunyi:

"Pemegang Izin Usaha Pertambangan Operasi Produksi, lzin Usaha Pertambangan Khusus Operasi Produksi, dan lzin Usaha Pertambangan Khusus sebagai Kelanjutan Operasi Kontrak/Perjanjian yang melakukan Peningkatan Nilai Tambah batu bara dapat diberikan perlakuan tertentu berupa pengenaan royalti sebesar 0% (nol persen), terhadap volume batubara dengan mempertimbangkan kemandirian energi dan pemenuhan kebutuhan bahan baku industri."

Royalti nol persen untuk hilirisasi batu bara kemudian dipertegas lagi dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang (Perppu) Cipta Kerja yang diteken Presiden Jokowi pada 30 Desember 2022.

Pasal 39 angka 1 Perppu Cipta Kerja, yang menyisipkan Pasal 128A ke dalam UU Nomor 3 Tahun 2020, menyatakan:

"Pemberian perlakuan tertentu terhadap kewajiban penerimaan negara sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) untuk kegiatan Pengembangan dan/atau Pemanfaatan Batu bara dapat berupa pengenaan iuran produksi/royalti sebesar 0% (nol persen)."

Berikut rincian perkembangan tarif royalti batu bara di Indonesia periode 2003-2022:

PP Nomor 45 Tahun 2003

  • Batu bara open pit:
    • ≤ 5.100 Kkal/kg: tarif royalti 3%
    • > 5.100-6.100 Kkal/kg: 5%
    • > 6.100 Kkal/kg: 7%
  • Batu bara underground:
    • ≤ 5.100 Kkal/kg: 2%
    • > 5.100-6.100 Kkal/kg: 4%
    • > 6.100 Kkal/kg: 6%

PP Nomor 81 Tahun 2019

  • Batu bara open pit:
    • ≤ 4.700 Kkal/kg: tarif royalti 3%
    • > 4.700-5.700 Kkal/kg: 5%
    • ≥ 5.700 Kkal/kg: 7%
  • Batu bara underground:
    • ≤ 4.700 Kkal/kg: 2%
    • > 4.700-5.700 Kkal/kg: 4%
    • ≥ 5.700 Kkal/kg: 6%

PP Nomor 26 Tahun 2022

  • Batu bara open pit:
    • ≤ 4.200 Kkal/kg:
      • HBA < US$70: tarif royalti 5%
      • US$70 ≤ HBA ≤ US$90: 6%
      • HBA ≥ US$90: 8%
    • > 4.200-5.200 Kkal/kg:
      • HBA < US$70: 7%
      • US$70 ≤ HBA ≤ US$90: 8,5%
      • HBA ≥ US$90: 10,5%
    • ≥ 5.200 Kkal/kg:
      • HBA < US$70: 9,5%
      • US$70 ≤ HBA ≤ US$90: 11,5%
      • HBA ≥ US$90: 13,5%
  • Batu bara underground:
    • ≤ 4.200 Kkal/kg:
      • HBA < US$70: 4%
      • US$70 ≤ HBA ≤ US$90: 5%
      • HBA ≥ US$90: 7%
    • > 4.200-5.200 Kkal/kg:
      • HBA < US$70: 6%
      • US$70 ≤ HBA ≤ US$90: 7,5%
      • HBA ≥ US$90: 9,5%
    • ≥ 5.200 Kkal/kg:
      • HBA < US$70: 8,5%
      • US$70 ≤ HBA ≤ US$90: 10,5%
      • HBA ≥ US$90: 12,5%
  • Hilirisasi batu bara: tarif royalti 0%

(Baca: Ekonomi Melambat, Bank Dunia Prediksi Harga Batu Bara Turun sampai 2024)

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