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Nilai Moneter Bauksit RI Lebih Tinggi dari Nikel | Databoks
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Nilai Moneter Bauksit RI Lebih Tinggi dari Nikel

Perbandingan Nilai Moneter Bauksit dan Sumber Daya Mineral Lain di Indonesia (2021)

Sumber : Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), 20 Desember 2022

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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

21/12/2022, 18.30 WIB

Menurut Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), sumber daya bauksit Indonesia memiliki nilai moneter sekitar Rp212,1 triliun pada 2021, lebih tinggi ketimbang nikel yang hanya Rp62,7 triliun.

Namun, nilai moneter bauksit lebih rendah ketimbang tembaga dengan rincian seperti terlihat pada grafik.

Nilai moneter ini tidak sama dengan nilai perdagangan. BPS menghitung nilai moneter sumber daya mineral dengan mengacu pada System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA), pedoman internasional dalam mengukur interaksi ekonomi dan lingkungan.

Dalam kerangka kerja SEEA, nilai moneter dihitung menggunakan metode Net Present Value (NPV) yang melibatkan banyak indikator, seperti tingkat pengembalian aset lingkungan, perkiraan nilai ekonomi aset di masa depan, umur atau jangka waktu ketersediaan sumber daya, serta nilai diskonto pendapatan yang dihasilkan dari aset lingkungan.

"Valuasi terhadap aset mineral dalam satuan moneter dilakukan dengan menetapkan tingkat diskonto menggunakan data government bond rate dari Kementerian Keuangan," kata BPS dalam laporannya.

(Baca: Stok Bauksit dan Nikel RI Cukup untuk Produksi 100 Tahun Lebih)

Kendati nilai moneter bauksit bukan yang tertinggi, pemerintah berencana melarang ekspor komoditas ini mulai tahun depan.

"Mulai Juni 2023 pemerintah akan melarang ekspor bijih bauksit dan mendorong pengolahan dan pemurnian bauksit di dalam negeri," kata Jokowi di Istana Merdeka, Jakarta, dilansir Antara, Rabu (21/12/2022).

Jokowi menyatakan pelarangan ekspor ini bertujuan mewujudkan kedaulatan sumber daya alam, membuka lapangan kerja, meningkatkan penerimaan devisa, dan mendorong pemerataan pertumbuhan ekonomi.

"Ekspor bahan mentah akan terus dikurangi, hilirisasi industri berbasis sumber daya alam di dalam negeri akan terus ditingkatkan," kata Jokowi.

Sebelumnya, pemerintah juga sempat melarang ekspor bijih nikel sejak 1 Januari 2020. Namun, kebijakan tersebut digugat oleh Uni Eropa ke World Trade Organization (WTO).

Setelah melalui proses persidangan panjang, WTO mengabulkan gugatan Uni Eropa pada Oktober 2022. Indonesia 'kalah' dalam sidang karena dinilai melanggar kesepakatan perdagangan bebas internasional, salah satunya Pasal XI:1 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trades (GATT) 1994.

Pasal GATT tersebut menyatakan bahwa negara anggota WTO hanya boleh membatasi bea, pajak, atau pungutan lain, namun dilarang melakukan pembatasan kuota ataupun perizinan ekspor dan impor.

(Baca: Ekspor Bauksit RI Melesat Hampir 10 Kali Lipat dalam Lima Tahun)

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