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Ada 1,3 Miliar Penyandang Disabilitas, Ini Ragam Kondisi Kesehatannya | Databoks
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Ada 1,3 Miliar Penyandang Disabilitas, Ini Ragam Kondisi Kesehatannya

15 Kondisi Kesehatan yang Paling Banyak Dialami Penyandang Disabilitas Global (2021)

Sumber : World Health Organization (WHO), Desember 2022

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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

13/12/2022, 16.40 WIB

World Health Organization (WHO) memperkirakan ada sekitar 1,3 miliar penyandang disabilitas di seluruh dunia pada 2021. Angka itu kira-kira setara dengan 16% populasi global.

WHO menegaskan bahwa penyandang disabilitas bukan semata-mata orang yang mengalami gangguan kesehatan, melainkan orang dengan kondisi khusus yang aktivitasnya terbatasi karena lingkungannya tidak mendukung.

"Contoh penyandang disabilitas adalah seorang anak yang tidak bisa melihat, lalu ia tidak bisa bersekolah karena tidak mendapat alat bantu dan materi pendidikan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhannya," kata WHO dalam Global Report on Health Equity for Persons with Disabilities.

Contoh lain adalah pria dewasa yang didiagnosis skizofrenia, lalu ia tidak memiliki pekerjaan karena stigmatisasi masyarakat terkait kesehatan mental.

Misalnya lagi, seorang perempuan lansia yang mengalami demensia, lalu ia tidak mendapat layanan kesehatan atau perawatan jangka panjang sehingga ia hidup terisolasi dari masyarakat.

"Disabilitas dipengaruhi oleh kondisi kesehatan atau keterbatasan seseorang sekaligus faktor kontekstual, seperti lingkungan, perilaku masyarakat, akses terhadap infrastruktur, serta kebijakan yang diskriminatif," kata WHO.

Secara global, penyandang disabilitas paling banyak mengalami kondisi muskuloskeletal atau gangguan pada sistem otot dan kerangka tubuh.

Ada banyak juga penyandang disabilitas dengan kondisi kesehatan mental, kesehatan neurologis atau sistem saraf, gangguan sistem indra tubuh, serta kondisi-kondisi lain seperti terlihat pada grafik.

WHO pun mendorong masyarakat dan pemerintah untuk terus mendukung pemenuhan hak dan kesetaraan bagi penyandang disabilitas, mulai dari lewat riset, perumusan kebijakan, sampai pembangunan infrastruktur yang mengakomodasi kebutuhan mereka.

"Beberapa negara sudah membuat kemajuan. Namun, secara umum dunia masih jauh dari standar perwujudan hak kesehatan penyandang disabilitas," kata WHO.

(Baca: Pekerja dengan Disabilitas di RI Menurun, Ini Rinciannya)

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