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Nuklir, Sumber Energi Listrik Paling Bersih bagi Lingkungan | Databoks Home Nuklir, Sumber Energi Listrik Paling Bersih bagi Lingkungan Nuklir, Sumber Energi Listrik Paling Bersih bagi Lingkungan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca Berdasarkan Sumber Energi Listrik Sumber : Our World In Data,
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Penulis: Annissa Mutia
Editor: Annissa Mutia
10/11/2022, 11.40 WIB
Kebutuhan energi listrik dunia semakin meningkat seiring dengan jumlah penduduknya. Namun, sumber energi listrik yang banyak digunakan di dunia saat ini menghasilkan emisi CO2, salah satu jenis gas rumah kaca penyebab pemanasan global.
Untuk menemukan sumber energi listrik terbersih, Our World in Data menghitung emisi setara CO2 per gigawatt-jam (GWh) listrik yang dihasilkan selama siklus hidup pembangkit listrik untuk berbagai sumber energi. Ini termasuk jejak bahan baku, transportasi, dan pembangunan pembangkit listrik.
Hasilnya, nuklir adalah sumber energi terbersih lantaran sedikit mengeluarkan gas rumah kaca. Emisi CO2 yang dihasilkan yaitu 3 ton CO2 per GWh.
Pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir menggunakan fisi untuk menghasilkan listrik tanpa pembakaran apapun, menghindari emisi dari proses pembangkitan listrik. Terlebih lagi, rata-rata, hanya dibutuhkan satu reaktor nuklir biasa untuk menghasilkan satu GWh listrik. Kapasitas pembangkit listrik reaktor nuklir sebagian besar disebabkan oleh kepadatan energi uranium dan bahan bakar nuklir yang tinggi.
Pembangkit listrik tenaga batu bara , minyak, dan gas alam mengeluarkan lebih banyak gas rumah kaca daripada pembangkit listrik terbarukan dan tidak terbarukan. Faktanya, emisi per GWh dari pembangkit listrik tenaga batu bara mencapai 820 ton CO2 per GWh atau kira-kira 273 kali lebih tinggi daripada pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir.
Tenaga air menawarkan alternatif yang lebih bersih dan terbarukan untuk bahan bakar fosil, namun beton dan bahan yang digunakan dalam konstruksi bendungan berkontribusi terhadap emisi. Selanjutnya, dekomposisi vegetasi bawah air di waduk juga melepaskan metana dan karbon dioksida ke lingkungan. Namun, emisi per GWh dari pembangkit listrik tenaga air sekitar 24 kali lebih rendah dari batu bara.
Matahari dan angin sering kali merupakan sumber energi yang paling banyak disebutkan dalam hal transisi energi bersih. Namun, kepadatan energinya lebih rendah daripada bahan bakar fosil dan sebagai akibatnya, mereka sering membutuhkan lebih banyak unit untuk menghasilkan jumlah daya yang sama. Misalnya, menghasilkan satu GWh listrik dapat membutuhkan lebih dari tiga juta panel fotovoltaik, atau 412 turbin angin skala utilitas. Membangun ladang tenaga surya dan angin besar-besaran ini menambah jejak material yang relatif besar dan akibatnya, emisi GRK.