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Arab Saudi, Negara Pengekspor Etilen Glikol Terbesar Global pada 2020 | Databoks Home Arab Saudi, Negara Pengekspor Etilen Glikol Terbesar Global pada 2020 Arab Saudi, Negara Pengekspor Etilen Glikol Terbesar Global pada 2020 10 Negara dengan Nilai Ekspor Etilen Glikol Terbesar Global (2020) Sumber : OEC World, 2022
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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat
Editor: Adi Ahdiat
21/10/2022, 11.50 WIB
Arab Saudi merupakan negara pengekspor bahan kimia jenis etilen glikol (ethylene glycol ) paling besar di skala global.
Menurut data The Observatory of Economic Complexity (OEC), pada tahun 2020 Arab Saudi mengekspor etilen glikol senilai US$1,74 miliar. Di bawahnya ada Amerika Serikat dan Kuwait dengan rincian seperti terlihat pada grafik.
Menurut OEC, etilen glikol biasa digunakan untuk membuat material sintetis sejenis plastik seperti poliester dan poliuretan. Etilen glikol juga digunakan untuk produksi minyak rem, oli kendaraan, zat antibeku (antifreeze ) di mesin radiator kendaraan, tinta pulpen, dan lain-lain.
Meski bermanfaat bagi industri, Perpustakaan Kedokteran Amerika Serikat (National Library of Medicine/ NLM) menyatakan etilen glikol berbahaya bagi manusia. Seseorang yang menelan etilen glikol dalam jumlah besar bisa mengalami depresi sistem saraf pusat, gangguan jantung-paru, dan kerusakan ginjal.
Adapun etilen glikol kini banyak diperbincangkan di Indonesia karena ditemukan terkandung dalam obat-obatan jenis sirop, yang diduga mengakibatkan ratusan anak mengalami penyakit ginjal akut .
"Kemenkes sudah meneliti bahwa pasien balita yang terkena AKI (accute kidney injury ) terdeteksi memiliki 3 zat kimia berbahaya, ethylene glycol (EG), diethylene glycol (DEG), dan ethylene glycol butyl ether (EGBE)," kata Menteri Kesehatan Budi Gunadi Sadikin melalui pesan singkatnya yang diterima redaksi Katadata , Kamis (20/10/2022).
"Beberapa jenis obat sirop yang digunakan oleh pasien balita yang terkena AKI terbukti memiliki EG, DEG, EGBE, yang seharusnya tidak ada atau sangat sedikit kadarnya di obat-obatan sirop tersebut," lanjutnya.
"Sambil menunggu otoritas obat atau BPOM memfinalisasi hasil penelitian kuantitatif mereka, Kemenkes mengambil posisi konservatif dengan sementara melarang penggunaan obat-obatan sirop. Mengingat balita yang teridentifikasi AKI sudah mencapai 70-an per bulan dengan kematian atau fatality rate mendekati 50%," pungkas Menkes Budi.
(Baca: Indonesia Jadi Pengimpor Etilen Glikol Terbesar ke-9 Global pada 2020 )