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IMF: Makin Banyak Negara Tertekan Utang pada 2022 | Databoks Home IMF: Makin Banyak Negara Tertekan Utang pada 2022 IMF: Makin Banyak Negara Tertekan Utang pada 2022 Proporsi Negara Berpendapatan Rendah yang Mengalami Tekanan Utang (2013-2022) Sumber : International Monetary Fund (IMF), September 2022
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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat
Editor: Adi Ahdiat
7/10/2022, 12.00 WIB
International Monetary Fund (IMF) menyatakan ada semakin banyak negara yang mengalami tekanan utang (debt distress ) pada 2022. Hal ini disampaikan IMF dalam laporan Crisis Upon Crisis yang dirilis September 2022.
IMF menjelaskan, tekanan utang (debt distress ) adalah kondisi di mana negara tidak mampu membayar utang-utangnya, sehingga membutuhkan restrukturisasi atau kebijakan keringanan tertentu dari pihak pemberi pinjaman.
Negara yang mengalami kondisi tersebut berpotensi kehilangan akses pasar dan menderita beban pembayaran utang lebih tinggi, yang akhirnya merugikan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan investasi di wilayahnya.
Adapun menurut laporan IMF, pada tahun 2022 sudah ada sekitar 13% negara berpendapatan rendah (low-income countries ) yang mengalami tekanan utang (debt distress ). Beberapa contoh negara yang masuk ke kelompok ini adalah Mozambik, Sudan, Zimbabwe, Somalia, dan Republik Kongo.
IMF juga mencatat proporsi negara berpendapatan rendah yang mengalami tekanan utang trennya terus meningkat dalam 10 tahun terakhir, hingga mencapai level tertinggi pada 2022 seperti terlihat pada grafik.
"Pemerintah di berbagai negara saat ini berjuang menghadapi kenaikan harga komoditas impor dan tagihan utang di tengah ketidakpastian akibat inflasi tinggi dan perlambatan pertumbuhan," jelas IMF dalam laporannya.
"Ketika kebijakan moneter diperketat untuk menahan laju inflasi, biaya utang negara akan meningkat, mempersempit ruang lingkup pengeluaran pemerintah dan meningkatkan kerentanan utang, terutama negara ekonomi berkembang," lanjutnya.
Menurut data Low-Income Countries Debt Sustainability Analysis (LIC DSA) IMF, sampai Agustus 2022 belum ada negara di kawasan Asia Tenggara yang mengalami tekanan utang . Namun, ada sejumlah negara tetangga yang tercatat berisiko mengalami kondisi tersebut, yakni Kamboja, Myanmar, Laos, dan Timor Leste.
(Baca: Utang Indonesia ke Bank Dunia Terbesar di Asia Tenggara )