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Tren Investasi Hulu Migas Global Menurun, Ini Rinciannya | Databoks
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Tren Investasi Hulu Migas Global Menurun, Ini Rinciannya

Nilai Investasi Hulu Migas Global (2015-2021)

Sumber : International Gas Union, 25 Mei 2022

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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

23/6/2022, 13.40 WIB

Tren harga komoditas energi di pasar global melonjak sejak awal 2022.

Menurut International Gas Union (IGU), selain karena perang Rusia-Ukraina, kenaikan harga juga terjadi karena adanya sejumlah hambatan yang dihadapi industri energi sejak beberapa tahun belakangan, salah satunya investasi di sektor hulu minyak dan gas (migas) yang kian menurun.

Dalam laporan bertajuk Global Gas Report yang dirilis 25 Mei 2022, IGU mencatat nilai investasi hulu migas global pada 2013-2014 mencapai lebih dari US$700 miliar per tahun.

Namun, pada periode 2015-2019 nilainya turun ke kisaran US$400 miliar-US$550 miliar per tahun.

Angkanya bahkan merosot lagi ke kisaran US$300 miliar-US$400 miliar per tahun selama periode 2020-2021, dengan rincian seperti terlihat pada grafik.

"Penurunan investasi ini menyebabkan berkurangnya pasokan menjelang akhir tahun 2021, dan pasokan tidak dapat mengimbangi pemulihan permintaan pasca-Covid yang kuat," tulis IGU dalam laporannya.

"Situasi tersebut diperparah oleh berkurangnya ekspor gas Rusia ke Eropa sepanjang musim gugur 2021, yang menciptakan situasi pasar ketat bahkan sebelum meletusnya konflik Rusia-Ukraina," lanjut IGU.

"Kemudian pemulihan pasca-Covid membawa lonjakan permintaan energi yang signifikan. Peningkatan permintaan ini, dikombinasikan dengan investasi sektor energi yang lebih rendah selama pandemi, mengakibatkan lonjakan harga di semua komoditas energi," jelas mereka.

IGU menilai lonjakan harga migas akan mendorong sektor ketenagalistrikan global untuk beralih ke batu bara, sehingga meningkatkan emisi CO2 dari produksi listrik.

"Situasi ini membuat energi menjadi kurang terjangkau, kurang berkelanjutan, dan pasokannya kurang aman. Mengingat sifat global dari pasar energi, maka efeknya terasa di seluruh dunia," tulis IGU.

Di Indonesia sendiri, nilai investasi hulu migas pada kuartal I 2022 terbilang masih rendah. Selama tiga bulan awal 2022, nilai investasinya belum mencapai seperempat dari target tahunan.

“Investasi migas (kuartal I 2022) sebesar US$2,29 miliar atau 13,46% dari target investasi migas 2022 sebesar US$17,01 di akhir tahun,” ungkap Direktur Jenderal Minyak dan Gas Bumi Kementerian ESDM Tutuka Ariadji dalam Rapat Dengar Pendapat (RDP) Komisi VII DPR RI, Rabu (8/6/2022).

(Baca Juga: Realisasi Lifting Minyak Triwulan I 2022 Hanya 74,21% dari Target)

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