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Air Minum Kemasan Mengandung Mikroplastik, Ini Risetnya | Databoks
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Air Minum Kemasan Mengandung Mikroplastik, Ini Risetnya

Estimasi Kandungan Mikroplastik dalam Barang Konsumsi Harian Manusia (2019)

Sumber : Statista, American Chemical Society (ACS), 2019

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Penulis: Cindy Mutia Annur

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

31/3/2022, 08.30 WIB

Sebaran polusi mikroplastik kian meluas, hingga ditemukan di udara dan barang-barang konsumsi harian manusia.

Hal ini tercatat dalam laporan penelitian Human Consumption of Microplastics yang dirilis American Chemical Society (ACS).

Menurut penelitian tersebut, barang konsumsi harian yang paling banyak mengandung mikroplastik adalah air minum kemasan, dengan estimasi rata-rata kandungan sebanyak 94,37 partikel mikroplastik per gram/liter/meter kubik.

Mikroplastik juga ditemukan di dalam bir, udara, air keran, makanan hasil laut alias seafood, garam, dan madu dengan estimasi kandungan berbeda-beda seperti terlihat pada grafik.

Temuan ini berasal dari hasil analisis terhadap 26 studi dan 3.600 sampel penelitian yang tersebar di berbagai negara.

"Kami memperkirakan bahwa konsumsi mikroplastik tahunan berkisar antara 39.000 hingga 52.000 partikel per orang, tergantung pada usia dan jenis kelamin," tulis tim peneliti di situs resmi ACS.

ACS juga menyatakan penelitian ini masih memiliki keterbatasan metodologi dan data.

Apa itu Mikroplastik?

Menurut penjelasan Dwi Amanda Utami, peneliti dari Pusat Riset Geoteknologi Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN), mikroplastik merupakan partikel plastik atau fiber dengan ukuran kurang dari 5 milimeter (mm).

Ada mikroplastik tipe primer yang diproduksi dalam ukuran sangat kecil, contohnya Polyethylene microbeads yang banyak terdapat pada produk kecantikan.

Kemudian ada mikroplastik tipe sekunder yang berasal dari penguraian barang-barang plastik sekali pakai.

Ada juga serat mikroplastik yang berasal dari serat sintetis, seperti poliester atau nilon, yang umum digunakan untuk produksi pakaian, furnitur, senar pancing, dan jaring ikan.

“Faktanya, ketika kita mencuci 6 kg baju dari serat sintetis, secara tidak langsung kita telah membuang sekitar 700.000 serat mikroplastik ke saluran air dan akan berakhir di laut,” papar Dwi, seperti dikutip dari situs resmi Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB).

Mikroplastik diperkirakan bisa menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan jika terkonsumsi oleh manusia ataupun mahluk hidup lainnya.

"Polusi udara juga mengandung mikroplastik berukuran 10–25 mm yang dapat terakumulasi di saluran pernafasan dan paru-paru sehingga akan mengganggu sistem pernapasan," jelas Dwi.

"Potensi bahaya mikroplastik lainnya pada kesehatan manusia adalah memicu pertumbuhan tumor, penghambat sistem imun, dan mengganggu sistem reproduksi," tambahnya lagi.

(Baca Juga: 10 Korporasi Penghasil Sampah Plastik Terbesar di Dunia)

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