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8 Konflik Negara Paling Banyak Akibatkan Pengungsi, Perang Rusia-Ukraina Masuk Daftar? | Databoks
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8 Konflik Negara Paling Banyak Akibatkan Pengungsi, Perang Rusia-Ukraina Masuk Daftar?

Konflik Negara Paling Banyak Ciptakan Jumlah Pengungsi (1960-2022*)

Sumber : Statista, Komisioner Tinggi PBB untuk Pengungsi (UNHCR), 30 Maret 2022

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Disalin..
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Penulis: Cindy Mutia Annur

Editor: Annissa Mutia

31/3/2022, 15.50 WIB

Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina baru satu bulan berlangsung, tapi telah mengakibatkan 4 juta orang warga Ukraina keluar dari negaranya dan mengungsi ke berbagai negara.

Meski demikian, perang Rusia-Ukraina tidak masuk daftar konflik negara yang mengakibatkan pengungsi terbanyak di dunia. Menurut laporan data Komisioner Tinggi PBB untuk Pengungsi alias UNHCR, sebagian besar gelombang pengungsi terbesar dalam beberapa tahun terakhir berasal dari dua negara di Asia. Perang saudara di Suriah berada di urutas teratas daftar ini dengan total 6,9 juta orang terpaksa meninggalkan negara itu.

Perang saudara Afghanistan berada di urutan kedua dengan jumlah pengungsi sebanyak 6,3 juta orang. Lalu, perang Afghanistan-Uni Soviet menyebabkan 5,6 juta orang mengungsi ke negara lain.

Secara keseluruhan, UNHCR memperkirakan ada sekitar 21 juta orang pengungsi di bawah mandatnya yang terpaksa meninggalkan negara mereka pada akhir 2020. Sementara itu, ada 48 juta orang lainnya yang menjadi pengungsi internal secara paksa karena konflik militer dan alasan lainnya.

Berikut jumlah pengungsi terbesar berdasarkan krisis atau konflik yang terjadi sejak 1960 hingga saat ini.

  1. Perang Saudara Suriah (2011- sekarang) – 6,9 juta orang
  2. Perang Saudara Afghanistan (1989-1996) – 6,3 juta orang
  3. Perang Afghanistan-Soviet (1979-1989) – 5,6 juta orang
  4. Gejolak Ekonomi/Politik Venezuela (2014-sekarang) - 5,1 juta orang
  5. Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina (2022) – 4 juta orang
  6. Rezim Taliban (1996-2021) – 3,8 juta orang
  7. Pemberontakan Taliban (2002-2021) – 3,1 juta orang
  8. Rezim Derg Ethiopia (1974-1991) – 2,6 juta orang

(Baca: Inilah Negara yang Jadi Tujuan Mayoritas Pengungsi Ukraina, AS Juga Siap Tampung?)

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