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Pajak Karbon Indonesia Tergolong Rendah di Skala Global | Databoks Home Pajak Karbon Indonesia Tergolong Rendah di Skala Global Pajak Karbon Indonesia Tergolong Rendah di Skala Global Tarif Pajak Karbon di Negara-Negara Dunia (2021) Sumber : World Bank, 2021
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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat
Editor: Adi Ahdiat
23/3/2022, 12.00 WIB
Indonesia akan menerapkan pajak karbon mulai 1 April 2022.
Di tahap awal, pajak tersebut akan dikenakan kepada perusahaan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) batu bara , dengan tarif Rp30.000 atau sekitar US$2,09 per ton emisi karbon dioksida ekuivalen (tCO2e).
Menurut Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM), dana yang terkumpul dari pajak karbon akan digunakan untuk menambah dana pembangunan, mitigasi perubahan iklim, investasi ramah lingkungan, serta program bantuan sosial untuk masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah.
Tarif Pajak Karbon Indonesia Tergolong Rendah
Jika melihat data Bank Dunia, sampai pertengahan 2021 sudah ada sekitar 35 negara yang menerapkan pajak karbon.
Tiap negara punya kebijakan pajak yang beragam. Finlandia misalnya, menerapkan tarif pajak berbeda terhadap emisi karbon dari kendaraan dan pembangkit listrik.
Meksiko juga menetapkan tarif pajak berbeda untuk emisi karbon dari hasil penyulingan minyak dan industri penerbangan.
Kendati bentuknya berbeda-beda, pajak karbon di skala global umumnya dihitung dengan satuan dolar Amerika Serikat per ton CO2e.
Berikut rincian tarif pajak karbon yang berlaku di skala global menurut data Bank Dunia:
Swedia: US$137 per tCO2e Swiss: US$101 per tCO2e Liechtenstein: US$101 per tCO2e Finlandia: US$73 per tCO2e Norwegia: US$69 per tCO2e Prancis: US$52 per tCO2e Luksemburg: US$40 per tCO2e Irlandia: US$39 per tCO2e Belanda: US$35 per tCO2e Islandia: US$35 per tCO2e Kanada: US$32 per tCO2e Portugal: US$28 per tCO2e Denmark: US$28 per tCO2e Inggris: US$25 per tCO2e Slovenia: US$20 per tCO2e Spanyol: US$18 per tCO2e Latvia: US$14 per tCO2e Afrika Selatan: US$9 per tCO2e Argentina: US$6 per tCO2e Singapura: US$4 per tCO2e Meksiko: US$3 per tCO2e Jepang: US$3 per tCO2e Estonia: US$2 per tCO2e Indonesia: US$2 per tCO2e Selain yang disebutkan di atas, ada juga negara-negara lain yang menerapkan pengendalian emisi karbon melalui instrumen kebijakan pasar karbon atau emission trading system (ETS).
Negara yang sudah menerapkan ETS sampai 2021 adalah Tiongkok, Korea Selatan, Selandia Baru, beberapa negara anggota Uni Eropa, dan sejumlah negara bagian Amerika Serikat.
(Baca Juga: Emisi Karbon Global Meningkat pada 2021, Tertinggi Sepanjang Sejarah )
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