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Pajak Karbon Indonesia Tergolong Rendah di Skala Global | Databoks
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Pajak Karbon Indonesia Tergolong Rendah di Skala Global

Tarif Pajak Karbon di Negara-Negara Dunia (2021)

Sumber : World Bank, 2021

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Disalin..
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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

23/3/2022, 12.00 WIB

Indonesia akan menerapkan pajak karbon mulai 1 April 2022.

Di tahap awal, pajak tersebut akan dikenakan kepada perusahaan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) batu bara, dengan tarif Rp30.000 atau sekitar US$2,09 per ton emisi karbon dioksida ekuivalen (tCO2e).

Menurut Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM), dana yang terkumpul dari pajak karbon akan digunakan untuk menambah dana pembangunan, mitigasi perubahan iklim, investasi ramah lingkungan, serta program bantuan sosial untuk masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah.

Tarif Pajak Karbon Indonesia Tergolong Rendah

Jika melihat data Bank Dunia, sampai pertengahan 2021 sudah ada sekitar 35 negara yang menerapkan pajak karbon.

Tiap negara punya kebijakan pajak yang beragam. Finlandia misalnya, menerapkan tarif pajak berbeda terhadap emisi karbon dari kendaraan dan pembangkit listrik.

Meksiko juga menetapkan tarif pajak berbeda untuk emisi karbon dari hasil penyulingan minyak dan industri penerbangan.

Kendati bentuknya berbeda-beda, pajak karbon di skala global umumnya dihitung dengan satuan dolar Amerika Serikat per ton CO2e.

Berikut rincian tarif pajak karbon yang berlaku di skala global menurut data Bank Dunia:

  • Swedia: US$137 per tCO2e
  • Swiss: US$101 per tCO2e
  • Liechtenstein: US$101 per tCO2e
  • Finlandia: US$73 per tCO2e
  • Norwegia: US$69 per tCO2e
  • Prancis: US$52 per tCO2e
  • Luksemburg: US$40 per tCO2e
  • Irlandia: US$39 per tCO2e
  • Belanda: US$35 per tCO2e
  • Islandia: US$35 per tCO2e
  • Kanada: US$32 per tCO2e
  • Portugal: US$28 per tCO2e
  • Denmark: US$28 per tCO2e
  • Inggris: US$25 per tCO2e
  • Slovenia: US$20 per tCO2e
  • Spanyol: US$18 per tCO2e
  • Latvia: US$14 per tCO2e
  • Afrika Selatan: US$9 per tCO2e
  • Argentina: US$6 per tCO2e
  • Singapura: US$4 per tCO2e
  • Meksiko: US$3 per tCO2e
  • Jepang: US$3 per tCO2e
  • Estonia: US$2 per tCO2e
  • Indonesia: US$2 per tCO2e

Selain yang disebutkan di atas, ada juga negara-negara lain yang menerapkan pengendalian emisi karbon melalui instrumen kebijakan pasar karbon atau emission trading system (ETS).

Negara yang sudah menerapkan ETS sampai 2021 adalah Tiongkok, Korea Selatan, Selandia Baru, beberapa negara anggota Uni Eropa, dan sejumlah negara bagian Amerika Serikat.

(Baca Juga: Emisi Karbon Global Meningkat pada 2021, Tertinggi Sepanjang Sejarah)

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