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Daftar Negara Pemilik Senjata Kimia, Ada Rusia dan AS | Databoks Home Daftar Negara Pemilik Senjata Kimia, Ada Rusia dan AS Daftar Negara Pemilik Senjata Kimia, Ada Rusia dan AS Daftar Negara Pemilik Senjata Kimia (2020)* Sumber : Arms Control Association, 2020
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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat
Editor: Adi Ahdiat
14/3/2022, 11.10 WIB
Rusia dan Amerika Serikat (AS) tercatat sebagai negara pemilik senjata kimia terbesar di dunia.
Menurut data Arms Control Association (ACA), Rusia pernah mendeklarasikan bahwa mereka memiliki senjata kimia seberat 40.000 metrik ton. Namun, seluruh senjata tersebut diklaim sudah dimusnahkan pada 2017.
Sedangkan AS mendeklarasikan punya senjata kimia 27.771 metrik ton. Menurut data ACA, sebagian besar senjata kimia AS sudah dimusnahkan, tapi masih tersisa 1.731 metrik ton pada 2020. AS mengklaim akan memusnahkan seluruh sisanya sampai batas waktu September 2023.
Kemudian Syria punya 1.308 metrik ton senjata kimia dan mengklaim sudah melakukan pemusnahan. Namun, jumlah yang dimusnahkan belum tercatat jelas.
India memiliki 1.044 metrik ton senjata kimia, diklaim sudah dimusnahkan seluruhnya pada 2009. Korea Selatan memiliki 605 metrik ton, diklaim sudah dimusnahkan seluruhnya pada 2008.
Kemudian senjata kimia Libya 24,7 metrik ton, diklaim sudah dimusnahkan pada 2013. Diikuti senjata kimia Albania 16 metrik ton, diklaim sudah dimusnahkan pada 2007.
Tiongkok, Iran, dan Irak juga tercatat memiliki senjata kimia dan sudah melakukan pemusnahan. Namun, ACA tidak mencatat berapa jumlah persisnya.
Senjata Kimia Sudah Dilarang Lewat Konvensi Internasional
Senjata kimia sudah dilarang secara internasional melalui Konvensi Senjata Kimia atau Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) yang berlaku sejak 1997.
(CWC) adalah perjanjian multilateral yang melarang penggunaan dan kepemilikan senjata kimia, sekaligus mengharuskan negara-negara pemiliknya melakukan pemusnahan senjata tersebut dalam jangka waktu tertentu.
Menurut data Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) selaku organisasi pengawas, hingga saat ini perjanjian CWC telah diratifikasi oleh 193 negara, termasuk AS dan Rusia.
Namun, ada juga negara-negara yang tidak bergabung dalam konvensi ini dan dicurigai memiliki senjata kimia, yaitu Mesir, Korea Utara, dan Sudan Selatan.
ACA juga mencatat, meski negara peratifikasi CWC mengklaim sudah melakukan pemusnahan, namun kecurigaan dan saling tuduh antarnegara masih kuat karena data-data terkait senjata kimia masih cenderung tertutup dan sulit dipastikan.
(Baca Juga: Ini Jumlah Senjata Nuklir Rusia, 1.600 Hulu Ledak Bertatus Siaga )
data terkait