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Uji Vaksin Covid-19 mRNA di AS: 4,4 Ribu Orang Meninggal | Databoks Home Uji Vaksin Covid-19 mRNA di AS: 4,4 Ribu Orang Meninggal Uji Vaksin Covid-19 mRNA di AS: 4,4 Ribu Orang Meninggal Laporan Kejadian Ikutan Pasca Imunisasi Vaksin Covid-19 Berbasis mRNA di Amerika Serikat (Des 2020-Jun 2021) Sumber : The Lancet, 7 Maret 2022
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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat
Editor: Adi Ahdiat
9/3/2022, 11.00 WIB
World Health Organization (WHO) akan melakukan transfer teknologi dan pelatihan pembuatan vaksin Covid-19 berbasis mRNA kepada negara-negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah.
Indonesia menjadi salah satu negara yang akan menerima pelatihan tersebut , bersama Bangladesh, Vietnam, Pakistan, dan Serbia.
Adapun lembaga perwakilan Indonesia yang ditunjuk mengikuti pelatihan WHO ini adalah BUMN farmasi Bio Farma.
“Tentu kami menyambut baik, ditunjuknya Bio Farma sebagai satu-satunya perusahaan vaksin di Indonesia yang akan menerima transfer teknologi mRNA. Insya Allah kepercayaan ini, akan kami manfaatkan untuk mendukung kemandirian bangsa dalam membuat vaksin dengan teknologi terbaru secara mandiri,” ujar Direktur Utama Bio Farma Honesti Basyir dalam rilisan pers di situs resminya, Kamis (24/2).
"Sebagai langkah awal, sesuai dengan program Transfer of Technology , Bio Farma akan belajar mengenai pembuatan vaksin Covid-19 dengan teknologi mRNA," tukasnya.
Apa Itu Vaksin mRNA?
Jika dirunut sejarahnya, vaksin berbasis teknologi mRNA sudah diteliti mulai tahun 1960-an. Kendati begitu, vaksin mRNA untuk Covid-19 baru dikembangkan sejak pertengahan 2020.
Menurut keterangan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), vaksin umumnya dibuat dari virus yang sudah dilemahkan.
Tapi, vaksin mRNA berbeda. Vaksin berbasis teknologi ini dibuat dari materi genetik hasil rekayasa yang mampu memicu respon imun atau kekebalan tubuh terhadap virus tertentu.
Saat ini sudah ada beberapa jenis vaksin Covid-19 berbasis mRNA yang diujikan pada manusia dan terdistribusi secara global, yaitu Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) dan Moderna (mRNA-1273).
Dalam situs resminya, CDC menyatakan bahwa vaksin Covid-19 berbasis mRNA bisa memberi perlindungan dari Covid-19, tanpa berpotensi menimbulkan konsekuensi penyakit serius.
Menengok Hasil Uji Vaksin Covid-19 mRNA di AS
Meski diklaim aman, ternyata ada ribuan orang di Amerika Serikat (AS) yang mengalami efek samping serius, bahkan meninggal dunia usai menerima vaksin Covid-19 berbasis mRNA.
Hal ini diungkapkan laporan penelitian berjudul "Safety of mRNA vaccines administered during the initial 6 months of the US Covid-19 vaccination programme " yang dirilis jurnal medis global The Lancet pada Senin (7/3).
Menurut penelitian tersebut, selama periode Desember 2020-Juni 2021 ada sekitar 298 juta dosis vaksin Covid-19 berbasis mRNA yang didistribusikan di AS, terdiri dari 167 juta dosis Pfizer-BioNTech dan 131 juta dosis Moderna.
Selama periode tersebut, sistem pelaporan kejadian tidak diinginkan pasca-vaksinasi milik pemerintah AS atau Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) mencatat ada sekitar 340 ribu kasus efek samping yang dilaporkan penerima vaksin Covid-19 berbasis mRNA.
Sekitar 164 ribu laporan berasal dari penerima vaksin Pfizer-BioNTech, dan 175 ribu lainnya dari penerima vaksin Moderna.
Rincian efek samping atau Kejadian Ikutan Pasca Imunisasi (KIPI) yang tercatat di AS adalah sebagai berikut:
1. Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2)
Gejala tidak serius: 150.486 orang (91,4%) Gejala serius: 12.078 orang (7,3%) Meninggal: 2.105 orang (1,3%) 2. Moderna (mRNA-1273)
Gejala tidak serius: 162.977 orang (92,7%) Gejala serius: 10.448 orang (5,9%) Meninggal: 2.391 orang (1,4%) Jika diakumulasikan, penerima vaksin Covid-19 berbasis mRNA di AS yang mengalami gejala tidak serius berjumlah 313.499 orang (92,1%), gejala serius 22.527 orang (6,6%), dan meninggal 4.496 orang (1,3%).
Kasus gejala tidak serius yang banyak dialami adalah sakit kepala, kelelahan, demam, hingga bercak kemerahan di kulit.
Sedangkan gejala serius yang banyak dialami meliputi sesak napas, demam tinggi, hingga sakit dada.
Kemudian sekitar 81% kasus meninggal terjadi pada kelompok usia 60 tahun ke atas, dengan waktu kematian terbanyak pada hari pertama dan kedua setelah divaksin.
Laporan penelitian ini menekankan perlunya sistem pengawasan vaksinasi yang baik untuk menyediakan data bagi pembuat kebijakan, produsen dan penyedia layanan vaksinasi, tenaga medis, serta untuk mengedukasi masyarakat tentang keamanan vaksinasi Covid-19.
(Baca Juga: Stok Vaksin Covid-19 Global Didominasi AstraZeneca )