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Daftar Kecelakaan Nuklir Terbesar, Salah Satunya di Ukraina | Databoks
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Daftar Kecelakaan Nuklir Terbesar, Salah Satunya di Ukraina

Kecelakaan Nuklir Terbesar di Dunia (1957-2011)

Sumber : Statista, 2011

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Penulis: Reza Pahlevi

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

7/3/2022, 14.40 WIB

Rusia merebut Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir (PLTN) terbesar Eropa di Zaporizhzhia, Ukraina, pada Jumat (4/3). Pengambilalihan ini dilakukan setelah api sempat tersulut di PLTN tersebut akibat baku tembak antara pasukan Rusia dan Ukraina.

Meski api berhasil dipadamkan dan tidak ada pelepasan bahan radioaktif yang dilaporkan, baku tembak di sekitar PLTN tersebut berisiko memicu ledakan yang dapat mengancam keselamatan warga di Rusia, Ukraina, dan negara-negara di sekitarnya.

Menurut Menteri Luar Negeri Ukraina Dmytro Kuleb, jika PLTN Zaporizhzhia meledak maka dampaknya bisa 10 kali lebih berbahaya dari Bencana Chernobyl.

Bencana Nuklir Terbesar di Dunia 

Bencana Chernobyl merupakan peristiwa meledaknya reaktor nuklir di wilayah Ukraina pada 1986. Saat itu Ukraina masih menjadi bagian dari Uni Soviet.

Menurut United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), ledakan nuklir di Chernobyl telah melepaskan ratusan metrik ton uranium ke atmosfer, serta mengakibatkan kontaminasi radioaktif secara meluas di wilayah Rusia, Belarusia, dan Ukraina yang diperkirakan akan bertahan selama berdekade-dekade.

UNSCEAR memperkirakan kontaminasi radioaktif tersebut telah memicu lebih dari 6.000 kasus kanker tiroid pada kelompok anak dan remaja di Rusia, Belarusia, dan Ukraina, serta meningkatkan kasus leukemia dan katarak di kawasan tersebut.

Bencana Chernobyl ini terhitung sebagai salah satu kecelakaan nuklir terbesar sepanjang sejarah, dengan nilai 7 atau skala bahaya tertinggi dalam International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale (INES).

INES adalah ukuran untuk memperhitungkan dampak kecelakaan nuklir yang dikembangkan oleh International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

Nilai INES memiliki rentang skala 1-7, di mana nilai "1" berarti anomali, "2" insiden, "3" insiden serius, "4" kecelakaan dengan dampak lokal, "5" kecelakaan dengan dampak luas, "6" kecelakaan serius, dan "7" kecelakaan besar.

Selain Chernobyl, kecelakaan PLTN di Fukushima, Jepang, pada 2011 juga memiliki nilai 7 dalam skala INES. Kecelakaan ini terjadi akibat gempa dan tsunami.

Selanjutnya, kecelakaan PLTN Mayak di Rusia memiliki nilai 6 dalam skala INES. Diikuti kecelakaan nuklir di Three Mile Island, Amerika Serikat, dan Windscale Pile, Inggris, masing-masing dengan nilai 6 dalam skala INES.

Menurut Statista, selama periode 1957-2011 ada 12 kecelakaan nuklir di seluruh dunia. Jepang, Inggris, dan Prancis masing-masing pernah mengalami kecelakaan sebanyak dua kali.

(Baca Juga: Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir Terbesar di Ukraina Terbakar, Berapa Kapasitasnya?)

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