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Partisipasi Kerja Perempuan ASEAN Menurun akibat Pandemi | Databoks Home Partisipasi Kerja Perempuan ASEAN Menurun akibat Pandemi Partisipasi Kerja Perempuan ASEAN Menurun akibat Pandemi Tingkat Partisipasi Kerja Perempuan Usia 15 Tahun ke Atas di Negara ASEAN (2019-2020) Sumber : World Bank, 8 Februari 2022
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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat
Editor: Adi Ahdiat
5/3/2022, 07.40 WIB
Pandemi Covid-19 telah mematikan banyak sektor usaha. Dan di tengah situasi ini perempuan lebih banyak kehilangan pekerjaan dibanding laki-laki.
Demikian disampaikan Bank Dunia dalam laporan Women, Business, and the Law 2022 .
Menurut Bank Dunia, perempuan umumnya lebih banyak bekerja di sektor yang membutuhkan kontak fisik tinggi, seperti penyediaan makan-minum, tenaga kebersihan, dan sebagainya.
Karena itu, saat negara-negara menerapkan pembatasan aktivitas sosial demi mencegah penularan virus, sektor 'pekerjaan perempuan' lebih banyak terkena dampaknya.
Fenomena serupa diungkapkan oleh International Labour Organization (ILO).
Menurut estimasi ILO, sepanjang tahun pertama pandemi ada sekitar 113 juta perempuan di seluruh dunia yang berhenti atau kehilangan pekerjaan. Sedangkan laki-laki yang bernasib serupa jumlahnya hanya 13 juta.
Partisipasi Kerja Perempuan ASEAN Turun, Kecuali Thailand
Menurut data World Development Indicators dari Bank Dunia, penurunan partisipasi kerja perempuan di kawasan Asia Tenggara paling parah terjadi di Filipina.
Pada tahun 2019 partisipasi kerja perempuan Filipina berada di level 46,5. Namun pada tahun 2020 jumlahnya turun menjadi 42,62 atau menyusut 8,35%.
Hal sama terjadi di Myanmar, Singapura, dan Kamboja, dengan persentase penurunan di kisaran 3%-5,6% pada 2020.
Partisipasi kerja perempuan di Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, dan Laos menurun lebih rendah di kisaran 1%-1,5%. Sedangkan Vietnam dan Malaysia mengalami penurunan di bawah 1% pada 2020.
Satu-satunya negara Asia Tenggara yang mengalami pertumbuhan dalam hal ini, meskipun tipis, adalah Thailand.
Pada tahun 2019 partisipasi kerja perempuan Thailand berada di level 59,02. Kemudian pada tahun 2020 jumlahnya bertambah jadi 59,21 atau naik 0,31%.
ILO meramalkan bahwa di tahun 2022 para perempuan masih akan menghadapi tekanan yang sama seperti 2020. ILO pun menganjurkan agar negara-negara merancang paket kebijakan dan investasi khusus untuk mendukung pemulihan serta perbaikan ekonomi perempuan.
(Baca Juga: Siapa Negara ASEAN yang Paling Menjamin Kesetaraan Gender? )