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5 Kawah Hasil Benturan Asteroid Terbesar di Bumi | Databoks
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5 Kawah Hasil Benturan Asteroid Terbesar di Bumi

5 Kawah Hasil Benturan Asteroid Terbesar di Dunia

Sumber : The Times of India,

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Penulis: Monavia Ayu Rizaty

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

20/2/2022, 09.00 WIB

Benturan asteroid merupakan salah satu kekuatan yang paling merusak di tata surya.

Bumi sendiri diperkirakan pernah mengalami benturan asteroid besar yang mengakibatkan kepunahan dinosaurus.

Para ilmuwan juga memperkirakan, dalam 600 juta tahun terakhir ada sekitar 60 asteroid atau benda langit serupa dengan diameter di atas 5 kilometer (km) yang telah menghantam bumi.

Beberapa di antaranya menyisakan bekas benturan berupa kawah raksasa yang berdiameter hingga ratusan km.

Berikut 5 kawah terbesar di Bumi yang muncul akibat benturan asteroid:

  1. Vredefort Crater – diameter 300 km
  2. Chicxulub Crater – diameter 150 km
  3. Sudburry Basin – diameter 130 km
  4. Popigai Crater – diameter 100 km
  5. Manicouagan Reservoir – diameter 100 km

Kawah Vredefort Crater merupakan kawah bekas benturan asteroid terbesar dan tertua di bumi. Menurut perkiraan ilmuwan, kawah yang berada di Afrika Selatan ini sudah ada sejak 2,2 miliar tahun yang lalu.

Pada 2005 UNESCO menyatakan kawah Vredefort Crater sebagai Situs Warisan Dunia karena nilai geologisnya.

Adapun asteroid terbesar yang pernah ditemukan di dunia adalah Ceres dengan ukuran hingga 939,4 km. Asteroid ini pertama kali ditemukan pada 1801 oleh Giuseppe Piazzi. Ceres diperkirakan sempat mengorbit mengitari Matahari di dalam sabuk asteroid antara Mars dan Jupiter.

(Baca Juga: 5 Ancaman Terbesar pada Keanekaragaman Hayati di Bumi)

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