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5 Ibu Kota Negara Paling Menarik untuk Pendatang dan Investor | Databoks
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5 Ibu Kota Negara Paling Menarik untuk Pendatang dan Investor

Ibu Kota Negara dengan Daya Tarik Tertinggi untuk Pendatang, Aliran Modal, dan Investasi (2021)

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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

9/2/2022, 17.40 WIB

Ibu kota negara yang paling menarik untuk pendatang, aliran modal, dan investasi usaha adalah London, Tokyo, Paris, Singapura, dan Berlin.

Penilaian ini termuat dalam laporan riset Global Power City Index 2021 yang dirilis Institute for Urban Strategies-The Mori Memorial Foundation (MMF).

Dalam laporan tersebut MMF mengukur ‘daya magnet’ kota-kota besar di skala global dari berbagai aspek, seperti perekonomian, budaya, hingga kualitas hidup masyarakatnya.

Berikut rincian tolok ukur yang digunakan MMF dalam menilai daya tarik kota:

1. Perekonomian Wilayah

MMF menilai daya tarik suatu kota dari indikator-indikator ekonomi umum seperti Pendapatan Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB), pendapatan per kapita, upah minimum pekerja, hingga tingkat kemudahan dan risiko berbisnis di kota tersebut.

2. Daya Inovasi

Selain indikator ekonomi, daya tarik kota juga dinilai dari aspek penunjang inovasi yang dimilikinya, seperti kualitas perguruan tinggi, jumlah populasi berpendidikan tinggi, sampai anggaran yang dialokasikan pemerintah kota untuk mendorong riset dan pengembangan lokal.

3. Interaksi Kultural

Kota yang atraktif tentu mampu menarik kedatangan banyak orang baik dari dalam maupun luar negeri. Karena itu, MMF menilai daya interaksi kultural kota dari jumlah destinasi wisata yang berada di kota tersebut, frekuensi penyelenggaraan acara-acara bertaraf internasional, jumlah fasilitas hiburan, hingga kualitas akomodasi untuk wisatawan mancanegara.

4. Kualitas Hidup

MMF juga menilai daya tarik kota dari kualitas hidup masyarakatnya. Dalam hal ini indikator yang dinilai adalah tingkat pengangguran, harga sewa kontrakan, harga rumah, sampai tingkat kejahatan dan risiko bencana alam lokal.

5. Keberlanjutan Lingkungan

MMF menilai keberlanjutan lingkungan dari tingkat kebersihan kota, penggunaan energi terbarukan, emisi karbon yang dihasilkan warga, kualitas air, serta komitmen pemerintah lokal dalam mencegah perubahan iklim.

6. Aksesibilitas

Terakhir, MMF menilai daya tarik kota dari segi aksesibilitas, seperti jumlah penerbangan domestik dan internasional di kota tersebut, kualitas transportasi publik, serta tingkat kemacetan jalan. 

Ibu Kota Negara Paling Menarik

Berdasar seluruh indikator penilaian di atas, ibu kota negara dengan skor daya tarik tertinggi menurut MMF adalah sebagai berikut:

  1. London: skor 1.644
  2. Tokyo: skor 1.411
  3. Paris: skor 1.350
  4. Singapura: skor 1.232
  5. Berlin: skor 1.172

Jakarta sebagai ibu kota negara Indonesia hanya mendapat skor 714, yang artinya berdaya tarik rendah untuk pendatang, aliran modal, dan investasi di skala global.

Dalam laporan MMF, Jakarta bahkan menempati peringkat ke-45 dari 48 kota besar di dunia.

(Baca Juga: 61,9% Orang Tidak Setuju Ibu Kota Pindah, Apa Saja Alasannya?)

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